REACTION-INTENSITIES WITH EACH AGENT AND REAGENT. 



i !:; 



30 and 28, respectively ; meaning thai 9G and 82 per cent, 

 respectively, of the total starch we gelatinized in 60 

 minutes and thai 95 per cenl of the starch of each hybrid 

 was gelatinized in .'!') and 28 minutes, respectively. 

 Turning now to Chart A 7 (chromic-acid reactions), it 

 will be noted that while there is considerable shortening 

 of the Amaryllis and Brunsvigia lines the hybrid ordi- 

 nates are virtually absolutely the same. Taking the 



Ili/ipnislruiii . 1 1 irmanih US, and Crinum groups, it will bo 

 noticed that in Chart A 6 the average reactivity of the 

 Hippeastrum group is slightl} loss than the reactivities 

 of the II 'inn a n I hits and Crinum groups, which arc nearly 

 alike; while in Chart A '. the average reactivity of the 

 first group is greater than in either of the other groups, 

 and the reactivity of the Crinum group is somewhat less 

 than that of Hippeastrum group. In ('hart A. 6 the 

 average reactivity of Xrritir is greater than in Chart 

 A 7, the reverse of what was noted in Amaryllis-Bruns- 

 vigia, Hippeastrum, Hwmanthus, and Crinum. In Nar- 

 cissus the same reversal is noted except in one parent and 

 the two hybrids of the first set. In Chart A 7 there are, 

 in comparison with the preceding, generally higher reac- 

 tivities of IAlium, Iris. Gladiolus, Tritonia, Musa, Planus, 

 Miltonia, Gymbidium, and Calanthe; but the opposite 

 with Begonia. Among the first generic groups there will 

 be found many exceptions — that is, lower reactivities. 

 For instance, the reaction of Lilium mar I agon instead of 

 being shorter is longer; the reaction of L. chalcedonicum 

 and /.. candidum are shorter, but not the reaction of 

 L. testaceum; and those of L. pardalinum and L. parryi 

 are shortened, while the reactivity of L. burbanki is 

 lengthened. Similar inequalities appeaT in other groups. 

 Finally, in Begonia the reactions with a single exception 

 instead of being shorter are longer, especially the reaction 

 of />'. socotrana. 



The remarkable differences in the behavior of differ- 

 ent reagents, irrespective of concentration of solution, 

 are perhaps better presented in charts of reactions of very 

 closely allied reagents, for instance, in Charts A 12 and 

 All! (potassium-hydroxide and sodium-hydroxide reac 

 tions). The average reaction-intensity exhibited by the 

 potassium-hydroxide chart is in some instances greater 

 and in others less than by the sodium-hydroxide chart. 

 The records are so pregnant with interest that each set or 

 group may with ample justification be taken up sepa- 

 rately. Beginning with the Amaryllis-brunsvigia set it 

 will be seen that with potassium hydroxide the reactions 

 with the four starches occur with such rapidity that 

 gelatinization is practically or absolutely complete within 

 1 minute ; with sodium hydroxide all four reactions differ 

 to so marked a degree that each is at a glance dilferen- 

 tiated from the others — in Amaryllis 91 per cent of the 

 starch is gelatinized in 3 minutes, in Brunsvigia 95 per 

 cenl in 1 "> minutes, in Brunsdonna sandero alba 65 per 

 cent in 60 minutes, and in Brunsdonna sandera 88 per 

 cent in GO minutes. The average " activity of Hi 

 trniii with potassium hydroxide is " I per cent, with so 

 dium hydroxide -II per cent, in 60 minutes; that of Hm- 

 nianllius is about the same wifli both reagents, the chief 

 difference being seen in the marked elongation of the //. 

 puniceus ordinate in the sodium-hydroxide reaction. 

 The Crinum ordinates differ in the two charts very little, 

 the only noticeable differences being seen in the C. m 



C. Jcircape, and ' '. pou ■ llii i t at all 



marked. InNeritu there are widi the potas- 



sium hydroxide ordinates being very markedly shorter 



than li E sodium hydroxide, the former indici 



almost if qoI compl ■ Mil of all of the starches 



in ;: minuti or [i . and the latter an average gelatiniza- 

 i ion of about 15 per cut in 60 

 difference in comparison with what ■ d in Hip- 



peastrum, Hcemanthus, and Crinum is remarkable. 



■ us. like the [a i three ■■ uera, does not show 

 very much difference with these reagents, the .averages 

 being 63 and 83 per cent, respectively, in »;n mi: 

 the shortening being due almosl wholly to the greater 



of the parents. The starches of Lilium 

 tinize with great rapidity with both reagents. The Iris 

 ordinates are longer throughout in the potassium- 

 hydroxide chart e.\i c;,i :n- i i of J. trojana, the ordinate 

 remaining the same in the sodium-hydroxide chart aot- 

 withstanding thai the ordinates of the other parent 

 (/. iberica) and the hybrid (I. i are materially 



shortened. In Gladiolus and Tritonia the ordinates are 

 very nearly the same in the potassium hydroxide chart, 

 but both are shortened in the sodium-hydroxide chart. 

 Gladiolus somewhat less than Tritonia. Tn />< g 

 a striking difference is seen in the B. socotrana ord 

 but very little differences in the others; thus, in the 

 potassium-hydroxide reaction this starch is completely 

 gelatinized in one-sixth of a second, while in the sodium- 

 hydroxide reaction only 84 per cent is gelatinized in 60 

 minutes — a remarkable difference. Richardia wa 

 studied with sodium hydroxide. Musa, Phaius, Mil- 

 tonia, and Cymbidium all show sh irter ordinal 

 ally with potassium hydroxide than with sodium hy 

 ide, the most conspicuous variation Vicing noticed in the 

 sodium-hydroxide chart in the markedly disproportionate 

 elongation of the M. roszlii ordinate. 



Similar characteristics are found in Charts A 15 and 

 A 17 (potassium-sulphide and sodium-sulphide reac- 

 tions), given groups acting with greater reactivity with 

 potassium sulphide than with sodium sulphide, with 

 others the reverse, and members of the same group bear- 

 ing varying quantitative relationships in the two i 

 tions, etc. The Amaryllis-Brunsvigia group has in the 

 potassium-sulphide reactions much shorter ordi 

 than in the sodium-sulphide reactions, Amaryllis hella- 

 donna and Brunsdonna san I ; alike, and B. san- 



dera alba between them and the ordinate of Brunsvigia 

 Josephines; while in the sodium-sulphide chart the 

 Amaryllis belladonna and Brunsvigia josephina ordi- 

 nal, 's are almost exactly the same, an tl ise of the hy- 

 brids longer than those of the parents, and nearly alike. 

 The Hippeastrum and // us ordinates are, on the 



whole, closely alike in both charts, but the Crinum 



show some noticeable differences. The Nerine 

 group is particularly conspicuous because of the less 

 h of all of the ordinates in the potassium-sulphide 

 'hart than in the sodium-sulphide chart: ; of the 



marked difference between I of these of the 



lirM group and those of the second and third groups in the 



nun-sulphide charts: and because all thr 

 have almosl exactly the sam of ordinates in the 



sodium-sulphide chart. Narcissus has, to the contrary, 

 distinctly longer ordinates i n the potassium-sulphide 



