UKACTION-INTKNSITIES WITH EACH A.GEN1 AND REAGEN1 



1 1!) 



difference between the two curves in each is nearly the 

 same; both are higher in the second and third than in 



the lh'-t ; and the curve in all three is lower than in 

 Amaryllis and Brunsvigia. In Hcemanlhus the 

 arc inverted, the temperature curve being the lower, 

 and the distance between the curves is practically the 

 same. In the Crinums the curves recross, the i< m 

 iniv curves being the higher, and the di tances between 

 the curves in the three species are quite different — in the 

 two hardy species the distances are small but different, 

 and ui the tender species well marked, showing definite 

 eneric division. In the three Nerines, in the first 

 the temperature curve is the higher, and in the second 

 and third the lower. Ta other words, Nerine crispa has 

 a higher reactivity in the temperature than in the chloral- 

 hydrate reaction, while N. bowdeni and X. sarniensis 

 var. corusca major exhibit the opposite peculiarity. 



These remarkable inversions and reversions, both in 

 tergeneric and intrageneric, have been found to be com- 

 mon in the researches with the various reagents, as will 

 be seen. In Narcissus the temperature curve is again 

 the higher, and in Lilium inversion again occurs, the 

 temperature curve in all four being the lower, the dis- 

 tance between the two curves being very marked in the 

 first species, marked in the other three, and nearly the 

 same in each. In Iris the temperature curve is the 

 higher in the first, third, and fourth, and lower in the 

 second; and the distance between the curves is different 

 in each, it being greatest by far in the fourth. In both 

 Gladiolus and Tritonia the temperature curve ia the 

 higher, and the difference between the two curves is small 

 and practically the same in both genera. In Begonia 

 inversion again occurs, in both the temperature curve 

 being lower and very markedly lower than the chloral- 

 hydrate curve, the separation being greater in Begonia 

 rana. In Phaius crossing again occur.-, and again 

 in Miltonia, the separation in the former being distinct 

 ami in the latter marked. While the courses of these 

 curves vary greatly, the variations arc not more than 

 in the temperaiture-pyrogallic acid and temperature- 

 nitric-acid charts (Charts B5 and B 6), or when the 

 temperature curve is compared with that of any other 

 of the reagents, or when the curves of almost any two 

 reagents arbitrarily selected are compared. 



Comparisons of the temperature-pyrogallic acid and 

 temperature-chloral hydrate charts (Bo and B4) bring 

 out many striking differences: The range ol rem inn 

 intensities of pyrogallic acid is distinctly greater than 

 with chloral hydrate; the temperature and pyrogallic- 

 acid curves show far less tendency than the temperature 

 and chloral-hydrate curves to any relationship in their 

 courses : the variation- in the degrees of separation in 

 the temperature and pyrogallic-acid curves hear no evi- 

 dent relation-hip to what was seen in the temperature- 

 cbloral hydrate chart; and the points of inversion and 



recrossing of the curves have n rrespondence unless 



of apparently a purely accidental character. The tem- 

 perature-chloral hydrate reactions with Amaryllis and 

 Brunsvigia show only small differences between the 

 curves, the temperature curve being the lower in .-1 maryl- 

 lis and the higher in Brunsvigia ; and in the tempeTature- 

 pyrogallic acid reactions the temperature curve is the 

 lower in both, and there is extremely little or practically 



no separation in Amaryllis but marked separation in 

 /. In the former, in Hippeastrum, the tem- 

 . while in the latter it . 



. and the manner of separation of thi 

 different. In the former, in Ha . the tern 



ture curve is the lowet ; in I h 



r and in the si nd species I . and 



the diffei i paration are very 



nt. In the former, in Crinum, th ature 



curve is the higher in all three • i the lac 



is the lower in all three, and the as of the 



curves wholly unlike. In the former, Nerine, the 

 temperature curve is the higher in one and the lower 

 in two; in the latter, it is higher in all three; and while 

 the chloral-hydrate curve i- high in the former the pyro- 

 gallic-acid curve is very low, almost zero, m the latter. 

 In both the former and the latter charts, in Lilium the 

 temperature curve is the lower, and there are some dif- 

 ices in the separation of the curves. In Iris and 

 throughout the remainder of th lar differ- 



ences will be found. Comparing now uure- 



nitric acid chart (Chart B 6) with the foregoing, it will 



en that it presents a very different picture, and 

 here also th re are the vagrant variations in tl i 

 of separation of the curves and the vagrant inversions 

 and reversions, but which do not hear more than acci- 

 dental relationships to the variation- observed hi 

 fore. In other words, each chart pn 

 support of certain well-defined principles regarding 

 reactive intensities of different starches with diffi 

 reagents, and is a specific and characteristic picture that 

 is indicative of the particular reagent. 



From the point of view of si rici ly fair comparisons of 

 the temperature and chemical-rea ent reactivities some 

 fallacy is introduced, because these two groups of i 

 tivities have not an identical basis of valuation, and 

 therefore because the value expressed by the 

 tween any two abscissas in the temperature reactions may 

 not have the equivalent value- of reagent s. In 



constructing the temperature scale in this li ad- 



vantage was taken of data obtained in the previous in- 



ation, and the seal- was made to include what 



lelieved to be the lowest and highest temperatures 

 of gelatinization of the kinds of starch were 



likely to be studied, this scale being taken to be the 

 equivalent in value- of the scale of reaction-intensities 

 with reagents that was made to extend between the ex- 

 tremes of highest and lowest possible reactivities. Bui 

 it will be seen, upon examination of charts B4, B 5, and 

 B 6, thai the temperature reactions are limited in the 

 starches examined between 55.8 ( Lilium tenuifolium) 

 and 83 (Han . katherina) ; whereas, in the 



chloral-hydrate reactions the values extend between 5 per 

 cent of the total starch gelatinized in 60 minutes 

 (Crinum zeylanicum) to 99 per cent in 10 mh 

 (Begonia single crimson scarlet), and in both the pyro- 



acid and nitric-acid reaction- the values varv 

 tically from extreme to extreme of the scale. 



The temperature scale as thus constructed represents 



le that has just about one-half the abscissas values 

 d by the i hi mical-n agent s< ale. If now the 

 former scale is modified so that the extreme- repn 

 the extreme temperatures recorded among the 



