CHAPTER V. 



SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. 



hapter is devoted to the summai I e biste- 



rs and qualitative and quantitative reac- 

 tarches of hybrid-stocks in relation I 

 e parent-stocks, and of the microscopic and 

 ic characters oi the hybrid-stocks in relation to 

 the parent-stock plants. 



1. THE STARCHES. 

 Histologic Characters and Certain Qualita- 

 tive AM) QuANTITATn E REACTIONS. 



es C, 1 to 17; D; E, 1 to 22; F, 1 to 50; G; II, 1 to 26; and 

 I, 1 to 8.) 



The methods used in this research in the differentia- 

 of starch both quantitative and qualitative. 



From a glance at the large number of charts and tables 

 that set forth quantitati the impression may be 



gained that much mere importance is to be attached 

 to the former than to the latter method of investigation; 

 but this will be i be unwarranted by the consider- 



able space that has been given to and the remarkably 

 valuable result- that have been recorded under qualita- 

 tive reactions. In fai t, the qualitative method has been 

 far the larger and more varied, and an at 

 equally important, field of usefulness. I'n fortu- 

 nately very little data included under histologic and 

 qualitative records lend themselves to charl -making, or to 

 Eorms of tabulation, as have proven so valuable in 

 the preceding chapter and elsewhere in this memoir, 

 e, the records herein summarized are presented in 

 a modified arrangement thai is particularly well adapted 

 to set forth only a certain but an important aspect of 

 comparative peculiarities of hybrid and parental 

 propei 



e iei mil- found in various parts of this work 



it will he noted that the starchof the hybrid exhibits, his- 



tologically, physically, and physico-chemically, not only 



biparental inheritance, but also 



individualities thai are not observed in either parent; 



and that any given parental character that appears in the 



d may lie found in quality and quantity to be the 



or practically the same as that of one parent or both 



ts, or of some degree of intermediateness, or de 



eSS or deficit of parental extremes. More- 

 each unit character and unit character-phase (see 

 Preface and chapter I, Section 8) is to such a degrei 

 indepi adei me anil charai ter or 



character unit-phase may be identical with or very close 

 it of one parent, while another hear- the same rela- 

 tion to tip , etc. Thus, in regard to the unit- 

 characters (especially the lamella? I, the hybrid may show 

 a very close relal ionship in the distinctness of the lamella? 



to in the forms oi the lamella? to the other 



pa lint ; in fineness or coarseness it may be exactly inter 

 mediate; while in variety, or distribution, or number 



tun-, to have the most vary- 

 ing relationships. Tn a word, in the summing up of the 

 ital relationship it is usually r u h of 



the di :' -tinK ( hilum, lamella?, size, polari- 



284 



scopic reactions, iodine reactions, and gelatinization 

 reactions with each of the different reagents) that a num- 

 ber of correlated unit-characters or unit-character-phases 

 are separable, and that there i- a most remarkable and 

 inexplicable swinging to one or the other parent of 

 unit character-development and unit charaeter-pha-e 

 development. 



These records show collectively an extraordinary 

 variability in the character relationships of the hybrid 

 to the parent-: an independence of each unit-char; 

 and unit-character-phase of every other in the direction 

 and degree of its development; an absolute unpredicta- 

 bility at the present embryonic stage of our knowledge 

 of the form, in which, if at all, any given unit char icter 

 or unit-character-phase of either or both parents may 

 appear in the hybrid; and the closer relationship usually 

 of the hybrid in the sum-total of the group-characters 

 or character-phases included in every designation, and 

 of these designations collectively, to one or the other 

 parent. For instance, among the data pertaining to the 

 histologic properties of Brunsdonna sanderce alba, under 

 the designation form it will he noted that the starch 

 grains are more like those of Amaryllis belladonna than 

 those of Brunsvigia Josephines in that they are usually 

 simple and isolated, in their regularity of outline, and in 

 their conspicuous forms ; yet in other respects they are 

 more like those of Brunsvigia josephina because of the 

 presence of a relatively large number of compound 

 grains, of a few small aggregates that consist of 2 or 3 

 components, and of a peculiar form of compound grain, 

 both of which latter are found in this parent but not in 

 Amaryllis belladonna. In the data relating to the la- 

 mella?, the hybrid is closer in form and arrangement to the 

 corresponding parts of the grains of Amaryllis bella- 

 donna; but in average number it is closer to the other 

 parent. In the chloral-hydrate reactions the hybrid in its 

 quantitative reactions shows a decidedly greater sensitiv- 

 ity than either parent, but it is distinctly closer to Amaryl- 

 lis belladonna than to Brunsvigia josephina. In other 

 reactions the starch is the same or practically the same as 

 one parent or the other or both parents, or t>\ some degree 

 of intermediateness, or of less or even very decidedly less 

 ensitivity than in either parent, very commonly of the 

 latter category. In the qualitative reactions it is in cer- 

 tain well-defined respects closer to Amaryllis belladonna 

 than to the other parent, and in others the reverse; but 

 on the whole the inclination is distinctly toward Amaryl- 

 lis belladonna. 



Moreover, forms of gelatinization are seen in the hy- 

 brids that are individual. In this hybrid it will he found 

 that in the aggregate the gelatinization phenomena re- 

 i orded under each reagent incline more or less markedly 

 toward Amaryllis belladonna. With other hybrids the 

 greatest variability of parental relationships may he 

 noted, as, for instance, in Hippeastrum, where it will 

 be found that with one reagent the relationship may be 

 closer to one parent and with another to the other. 

 more or less marked differences may be noted in the 



