SUMMARIES OF PLANT CHARACTERS, ETC. 



341 



tin' tissue groups as do the latter from cadi other. I lorn 

 paring bhe tissue characters and starch reactivities 

 (Table I, Summary 3), it is found that the Eormei 

 show distinctly lower percentages in regard to sameness 

 as the seed parent, pollen parent, ami both parents; 

 markedly bigher percentage in regard t" intermediate- 

 Qess and characters thai arc developed in excess "f paren- 

 tal extremes; ami a distinctly lower percentage developed 

 in deficit of parental extremes. It seems obvious from 

 this that the figures recorded in any one oi these modes 

 (if investigation can net he taken ii- an mile-' el" what 

 is to he found by another. If the percentages of flic 

 i i>sne characters and si arch characters are charted (Charl 

 Fit) it will he seen that there is only a very gross, if 

 any, correspondence between the two curves. If three 

 cur\es are constructed to show the macroscopic, micro- 

 scopic, and reaction data respectively (Chart F 10), a 

 modified picture is presented, it will be noted that the 

 macroscopic and microscopic curves show similarities 

 and that neither appears to he related to the starch curve. 



The comparative degrees of influence of each of the 

 parents in determining the characters of the hybrid 

 varies not only with the different sets, but also in the 

 percentages of macroscopic and microscopic characters 

 in each set. Table 11, Summary 2, gives a summary of the 

 sameness and inclination of the reaction-intensities of 

 the starches of hybrids to one or the other parent or both 

 parents. Table I, Summary 4, presents similar data of 

 the macroscopic and microscopic plant characters. Tak- 

 ing the macroscopic and microscopic characters together, 

 it will be found that there is marked dominance of the 

 seed parent in Ipomcea sloteri (58:23) and Cypripe- 

 dium lathamianum inversum (tin: 43), and of the pollen 

 parent in Lcelia-Cattleya carihamiana (31 : (il), and that 

 there is little dominance of either parent in Cymbidium 

 eburneo-hwianum (41:35), Miltonia bleuana (39:47), 

 Cypripedium lathamianum (39:48), and Cypripedium 

 nitens (41: 47). In none of these hybrids is there noted 

 in the tissue characters the extreme dominance recorded 

 in the reaction-intensities and histological properties of 

 some of the hybrids in the starch investigation, but such 

 dominance will undoubtedly be brought out in researches 

 with other parents and hybrids. 



In summing up the numbers and percentages of the 

 tissue characters and starch reaction-intensities that are 

 the same as or inclined to the seed parent, the pollen 

 parent, and to both parents, and which are as close to one 

 as to the other parent, respectively, it is found that the 

 different hybrids show the widest variations in direction 

 ami degree (Table I, Summary 6, and Table G). Thus, 

 in Ipomcea sloteri the ratio of macroscopic charac- 

 ters that are the same as or inclined to the seed parent 

 to those that are the same as Or inclined to the pollen 

 parent is about 2: 1. while of the microscopic characters 

 it is almost 3:1. In Lcelia-Cattleya carihamiana the 

 ratios arc about I : 2 ami 1:'.' respectively. Tn Cym- 

 bidium eburneo-lowianum the ratios are V/2' 1, ;1Ii| l 1: 1, 

 respectively. In Dendrobium cybele the ratios are 1:3 

 and 1:1, respectively, and so on. Tn the case of the 

 starches the ratios are far more varied, ranging from 

 23: at one extreme to 0: 25 at the other extreme, with 

 great variations in between. Tn summing up the figures 

 and percentages for the tissues and comparing them with 

 the corresponding figures for the starches, it is found that 



the B it mbined n 



BCOpil inclined I 



parent ami tin pollen parent 

 ami 36.9, while |i.i' the starches thej arc 4 ■.'."■ and .'!'.'. t. 

 <>f characters that are the same a- those of both 



parents the figures lor tin- tissues and re •">.'.' ami 



13.8, respei I ively. In group 1 the 



almost the same in the first couple, while in 

 the second couple 1 hi fii it G iut one-third h 



than the second. In the second group the first figure is 

 small 111 comparison with the -croud, this probi 

 due to 1 lie faci that in the study of the tissue char 

 many characters that wen- found in the hybrid to he the 

 same or practically the same as the character- in the 

 parents were not recorded. Of characters that arc as 

 close to one as to the other parent the tissue character 

 percentage is 21.1, while that of the starches 1- ll.l. 

 Finally, among the tissue characters, ',-..', per cent are 

 the same a- or inclined to the seed or the pollen parent; 

 and among the starch character- 75.1 per cent. «.r prac- 

 tically the same. 



In case of two sets of parents and hybrids (Cym- 

 bidium and Miltonia), studies were made coincidently 

 of both tissue and starch characters, but unfortunately 

 in one (Cymbidium) the reactions of the starches were 

 with fevi exceptions so very rapid that satisfactory data 

 for differential purposes were not obtained. These data 

 are summarized in Tables I. 3, ami 5, ami F, -\] and 

 48, and also in (harts F :;. F :>, F 11. and F 12. Re- 

 ferring to the characters and character-phases of 1 

 hidium eburneo-lowianum it will he apparent upon com- 

 parison of the data pertaining to the several pari 

 phases (Chart 1° 3) that the percentages of macroscopic 

 characters are -mailer than those of the microscopic 

 characters that are the same as those of the seed parent, 

 and which are developed in excess and in deficit of 

 parental extremes; but larger among those which are 



1 he same as tho f the pollen parent and of both parentsj 



and which are intermediate. Bence, There are inver- 

 sions of the curves in the chart. The quantitative differ- 

 ences between the plant and the reaction characters vary 

 in the several parental-phases (('hart F 11), the differ- 

 ences being distinct among the characters that are the 



same as those of on ■ the other parent or both pai 



marked among those which are developed in excess or 

 1 of parental extremes, and very marked among 

 those which are intermediate. While there are - 

 correspondences in the percentages and curves of the 

 macroscopic ami microscopic data, there is no corre- 

 spondence between tlle-e and the starch relict ii ai-i 11 1 ■ II- 



sity curve. In fact, there seems to be a tendency t 1 

 inverse rather than direct relationship. In Miltonia 

 bleuana the macroscopic and microscopic figures and 

 curves differ in some respects less and b more 



than in Cymbidium eburneo-lowianum (Chart F12). 

 The percentages of the macroscopic characters are higher 

 than those of the macroscopic characters among the 

 characters that are the same as those of the seed parent 

 and the same as those of the pollen parent, but lower 

 among the characters that fall under the other four 

 parental-phases, so that here also there is inversion of the 

 two curves. The percentages and curves of the starch 

 reaction-intensities g hybrid, 



apparently no relationship to either n ic or 



