206 DIFFERENTIATION AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



Secale cercalc Linn. {Graminaceac.) Dry seed. — Grains circular, oval or somewhat irregular; from 

 three-fourths to as broad as long; one-half to one-third as thick as broad; rarely with single 

 lamelliE, or with distinct hilum; elliptical or oval in the narrow aspect. Size 48/i. Some 

 grains with reticulated outer surfaces. 



Elymus engehnanni Hort. {Graininaceoe.) Dry seed. — Grains circular, rounded-oval or kidney- 

 shaped; three-fourths to as broad as long; the larger ones three-fifths to three-fourths, those 

 of medium-size two-fifths to one-half as thick as long; without lamellae; sometimes with a 

 small oblong central cavity. Size 29^- 



Elymus hystrix Linn.; Asprella hystrix Willd. {Graminacew.) Dry seed. — Grains rounded, homo- 

 geneous and solid; compressed. Size 22ju. The outer surface frequently shows reticulate or 

 nodule-like markings. 



Hordeum vulgare Linn. {Graininaceoe.) Dry seed. — Grains circular or oval; three-fourths to as broad 

 as long; one-half to three-fifths as thick as broad; homogeneous and solid. Size 35^. 



Hordeum bulbosum Linn. {Graminacece.) Dry seed. — Grains circular, rounded-oval, triangular to 

 quadrangular; one-half to three-fifths as thick as broad; ■without lamellae; rarely with dis- 

 tinct, small hilum. Size 20 to 23^. 



Hordeum himalayense Ritter; Critho cegiceras E. Meyer. {Graminacece.) Dry seed, endosperjn.- — Grains 

 rounded, rarely kidney-shaped or oval, frequently irregular; compressed; no lamellae; some- 

 times with a small, rarely a large, central cavity. Size 26 to 33ai. 



^gilops caudata Linn. {Graminacece.) Dry seed. — Grains circular, rarely oval, lenticular-shaped; 

 compressed; homogeneous and solid. Size 30yu. 



^gilops triuncialis Linn. {Graminacece.) Dry seed. — Grains as in the preceding, sometimes with 

 small central cavity, and with a single lamella. Size 28^. 



Braconnolia clymoides Goodr. {Graminacece.) Dry seed. — Grains rounded or oval; compressed to a 

 little more than one-half the width or over; homogeneous and solid. Size 28;u. 



Lileae subulata Humb., Bonp. {Naiadaceoe.) Dry embryo. — Grains rounded-oval, or oval, and almost 

 terete; two-thirds to almost as broad as long; oval or elliptical when seen in the narrow 

 aspect, and with a distinct longitudinal slit. Length 13/i, width llju, and thickiiess 7 and 8m. 

 The grain approaches the centric-oval type (type 3). Much protoplasm and some oil may 

 be found with the starch. 



Triglochin barrelieri Lois. {Naiadacece.) Dry embryo. — Grains usually oval, the wider ones compressed ; 

 homogeneous. Size about 6/x. The grains approach the centric-oval type (type 3). Little 

 starch, much oil. 



Scheuchzeria palustris. {Naiadacece.) Dry embryo. — Grains circular or oval, sometimes irregular; 

 compressed to about one-half to one-third their width; homogeneous. Grains 9ai. Starch, 

 oil, and protoplasm. 



Alisma ranunculoidcs Linn. {Alismaceo'.) Dry embryo. — Grains rounded-oval, or oval three-fifths to 

 almost as broad as long; two-fifths to three-fifths as thick as long; without lamellae; sometimes 

 with a distinct hilum; when seen from the narrow side, slightly contracted in the middle, rarely 

 with a lengthwse slit. Size 20^. The grains approach type 3. Some oil with the starch. 



Sagittaria sagittcefolia Linn. {Alisniacew.) Dry embryo. — Grains rounded, or triangular with rounded 

 angles, or oval, and oval pear-shaped, the ■n'ider ones compressed at about one-half their 

 width; many with a longitudinal slit in the narrow aspect. Size 25^. Among them some 

 doublets. Little oil with the starch. 



Actinocarpus damasonium Smith. {Alismacece.) Dry embryo. — Grains rounded or oval, occasionally 

 kidney -shaped; two-thirds to almost as broad as long; the wider ones compressed at two- 

 thirds or over; rarely with few lamellaj and with distinct hilum; a few very delicate fissures 

 are sometimes visible in the broad aspect, and an indistinct slit can frequently be seen in 

 the narrow aspect. Length 20 to 24^, and width 16^. The grains closely approach type 3. 



Luzula and Juncus. {Juncacew.) Seed. — Dry and ripe seeds only were examined. Their starch- 

 grains are undoubtedly simple, they can be seen within the cell equally distributed through- 

 out the lumen, and there are no indications of compound ones. The grains are compressed 

 and occasionally a central cavity can be distinguished. Therefore they most likely belong to 

 the centric-lenticular type. The surface is more or less polyhedral, and frequently very irregu- 

 lar. This is no doubt due to the shrinking which the substance, being very soft in a fresh 

 state, undergoes in drying, and also to the flattening caused by the crowding of the grains. 



