TYPE 7. GRAINS SIMPLE, ECCENTRIC, CONE-SHAPED. 215 



Triglochin barrelieri Lois. {Naiadaceoc.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains usually oval-lanceolate or conical 

 rarely rounded or blunt-triangular, sometimes curved, frequently irregular; one-fourth to 

 as broad as long; the broader ones slightly compressed; lamellae rare and indistinct; usually 

 a longitudinal slit, from which single fissures sometimes diverge laterally. Length about 

 SSjLi. The hilum is sometimes at the broad end. On the whole, the majority of the grains 

 show no distinct type. Among them compound grains of few, unequal parts (see type 15). 

 Very rich in starch. 



Scilla pei-iiviana Linn. {Liliacew.) Dry bulbs. — Grains rounded or oval pear-shaped; one-half to 

 almost as broad as long; lamelke delicate, the innermost ones complete, the outc^rmost ones 

 unilateral; hilum end thickened, the distal end narrow and obtuse, at times cut off, rarely 

 broadened and squared; instead of a hilum, frequently a small cavity from which single 

 short fissures radiate; eccentricity of hilum one-half to one-fourth. Length about lO^u, 

 wiilth 36^1. Among them some compound grains of few equal or unequal parts. 



Ornithoyalum umbellatum Linn. {Liliacecc.) Dry bulbs. — Grains oval-rounded, rounded pear-shaped, 

 and oval; no lamellae; thickened at the hilum end; frequently a small cavity and some- 

 times single, with fine fissures; eccentricity about one-third. Length about 24/x. Among 

 them a few doublets. 



Paris quadrifolia Linn. (Liliacece.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains rounded, elliptical, oval pear-shaped, 

 or reniform, half to almost as broad as long; the broad end slightly compressed, thickened 

 at the hilum end; a small cavity or longitudinal slit; eccentricity about one-quarter. Length 

 about 13/i, width lOyu. Rich in starch. 



Trillium rhomboideum Michx. (Liliacece.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains rounded, rounded triangular to 

 oblong, and pear-shaped; frequently somewhat irregular; one-half to about as broad as long, 

 the Ijroad ones slightly compressed; thickened at the hilum end; a small cavity, or more 

 often a longitudinal slit, instead of the hilum; eccentricity about one-quarter. Length al)out 

 llfi, width 9/i. Rich in starch. 



Billbergia amoena Lindl. {Bromeliacece.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains rounded-oval to elongated pear- 

 shaped, one-half to two-thirds as broad as long, the broad ones slightly compressed; thick- 

 ened at the hilum end; the hilum has a small cavity from which several marked fissures 

 radiate; frequently also one short transverse fissure; eccentricity one-third and one-fourth. 

 Length about 21/i. Among them compound grains of few usually equal-sized components 

 (see type 14); also some semi-compound grains of two small "part-grains." 



Zostera nana Roth. (Naiadaccce.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains conical, or from one aspect a flattened 

 oval, and from the other aspect cone-shaped (the distal end broadened and squared) ; usually 

 almost twice as long as broail; lamella} indistinct, or none; hilum at the broad end, eccen- 

 tricity about one-sixth; usually a small cavity from which several short fissures pass out. 

 Length about 32/^. 



Richardsonia scabra Linn. (RubiacecB.) Dry roots. — Grains spherical to oval and conical; frequently 

 1..5 times, rarely twice as long as broad; almost circular in cross-section; at times with a few 

 indistinct lamellae; hilum at the broad <'nd; rarely more eccentric than about one-sixth; 

 occasionally a small cavity. Length about 21/x. Also compound grains of few, mostly equal 

 components. (See type 15.) 



Vinca minor Linn. (Apocynacea.) Dry stolons. — Grains rounded to oblong and conical; about one 

 to three times as long as broad; occasionally broadly triangular, about 1.5 times as broad as 

 long; frequently more or less irregular; sometimes with one or two protruding pohited angles; 

 hilum at the broad end; the distal end rarely broadened into a knife-like edge; occasionally 

 with a small cavity. Length about 13ju. Also some doublets of unequal components. Sim- 

 ilar simple starch-grains occur also in the roots of Vinca minor, besides a few larger ones 

 (about 16m), which are somewhat broader (at most twice as long as broad) and also rather 

 thicker, and always with blunt ends. Among these are found many compound grains of 

 few almost equal components. 



Symphytum bulbosum Schimp. (Boraginaccw.) Dry tubers. — Grains round to egg-si lajied and oval- 

 conical; 1.5 times, rarely twice, as long as broad; lamella; none or very delicate; thickened 

 at the hilum end, or with the two ends of similar thickness, or the distal end less dense and 

 knife-like; usually with a small cavity and railial fissures; eccentricity about one-half or 

 more. Length 32 to 44yu, thickness 24 to 30/i. 



