216 DIFFERENTIATION AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



Symphytum luherosum Linn. (Boraginacece.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains similar to the preceding, 

 somewhat smaller and less well-developed, spherical to oval; 1.33 to 1.5 times as long as 

 broad; no lamelke; hilum entl rarely distinctly broadened; a small cavity and occasionally 

 short, delicate, radial fissures; eccentricity about one-half. Length about 18,u, thickness 

 about 13/i. Also compound grains of few, usually equal components. (See type 14.) 



Ncegelia zebrina Regel. {Rhamnacece.) Fresh scales of the root-stocks. — Grains usually conical, some- 

 times oval-cylindrical, usually twice as long as broad; circular in cross-section; the broad 

 ones slightly compressed; thickened at the hilum end, distal end narrowed, sometimes broad- 

 ened, obliquely cut-off, or square-shaped; lamellie and hilum distinct; eccentricitj' about 

 one-sixth. Length about 45yu, width about 33/i. Very often the grain is thickened from the 

 hilum end to about the middle, and from there on it narrows down to a cone, thus represent- 

 ing the appearance of a spindle with the two parts unequal; they approach the rod-form 

 (type 9). 



Gloxinia speciosa Lodd. (Gesneracew.) Fresh tubers. — Grains oval, conical, or oblong, about three 

 times as long as broad; frequently with a lateral appendage (composed of a special external 

 system of lamellaj); hilum and lamellae usually distinct, but dehcate; thickened at the hilum 

 end; sometimes the two ends are equally thick, the distal end rai'ely broader and compressed; 

 eccentricity about one-fourth. Length about 48/i, width 22/i. Some of the grains approach 

 the rod-form (type 9). 



Gloxinia hirsuta Lindl. {Gesneracew.) Fresh tubers. — Grains similar to the preceding, oval or conical; 

 lamellte not always distinct; hilum usually at the Ijroad end; frequently single, radial fissures. 

 Leng"th about 42/j. Also some doublets and semi-compound grains with 2 to 3 components. 



Orobanche sp. {Scrophulariacea or Orobanchacece.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains spherical to oval, and 

 truncated-conical; 1.5 times, rarely twice, as long as broad; lamelliB indistinct; thickened at 

 the hilum end, rarely broader and thinner at the distal end; a cavity, and marked more or 

 less numerous radial fissures; eccentricity about one-third. Length about 46yu, \vidth about 

 38/j. Also some compound gTains of few usually equal-sized components. (See type 14.) 



Orobanche procera Koch. {Scrophulariacece or Orobanchacece.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains rounded- 

 oval to conical and oblong; 1 to 2.5 times as broad as long; lamellae none or delicate; thick- 

 ened at the hilum end; distal end sometimes broadened with a knife-like edge; a small cavity, 

 and frequently very short radial fissures; eccentricity about one-fourth to one-fifth. Length 

 about 28m, width 20yu. Some of the grains approach the wedge-shaped type (type 8) and 

 others the rod-shaped type (type 9). Some doublets and triplets are present. 



Lathrcea squainaria Linn. {Scrophulariacece or Orobanchacece.) Dry scales of the root-stocks. — Grains 

 oval, conical, elliptical, frequently somewhat irregular; almost circular in transverse section; 

 rarely compressed; as a rule, twice as long as broad; occasionally broader than long; lamella; 

 distinct, the innermost ones complete and rather unsystematically arranged, the outer ones 

 unilateral and crowded; usually thickened at the hilum end, distal end frequently drawn 

 into a conical point or broadened into a knife-like form; radial fissures, especially in the 

 direction of the "verdickungshalbmesser;" eccentricity one-fifth and one-eighth. Length 

 about 12o/i. 



Cyclamen hederifolium Ait. {Primulacece.) Dry bulbs. — Grains triangular, oval, lanceolate, usually 

 conical, often irregular or slightly curved; one-fourth to as broad as long; the broader ones 

 compressed to about one-half, but the smaller not compressed; lamellae none, or indistinct; 

 thickened at the hilum end, distal end narrow, sometimes dra\\Tii into a point, sometimes 

 broadened and knife-like; often a cavity, from which short, delicate fissures rarely pass out; 

 eccentricity about one-tenth. Length about 36yu, width about 24^. Triangular grains 

 frequently occur, with two sets of lamellte at right angles to one another, of which the outer 

 set forms the upper angle of the triangle and the inner one the base; the hilum and the greatest 

 thickness are found in one angle of the base. 



Dodecaiheon meadia Linn. {Primulacece.) Dry roots. — Grains triangular, oval, oblong, conical, 

 elliptical, or spindle-shaped with the two unequal parts; frequently more or less irregular; 

 2 to 4 times, rarely equally, as long as broad, in the latter case compressed to alwut one- 

 half; usually without lamellae and hilum. Length about 26^. The grains probably belong 

 to this class, as their structure seems to resemble that of the cyclamens. Some doublets are 

 found among them. 



