218 D[PFERENTIATION AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



Corydalis cava Schwoigg., Koert.; Corydalis bulbosa Pers. {Fumariacece.) Fresh and dry tuberous 

 root-y;tocks. — Grains rounded to oblong, often conical to reniform-tri angular; generally some- 

 what irregular; two-fifths to as broad as long; the broader ones slightly compressed; no 

 laracllffi; hilum at the broad end, one-fourth to one-fifth eccentric; in the triangular forms the 

 distal margin is squared, so that the grain may be as much as 3 times as long as broad. In 

 the tlry grains either a longitudinal slit or a large or small cavity with single radial fissures. 

 Length about 17 to 21yu. Many grains approach the wedge-shaped tj^De (type 8). Among 

 them some compound grains of 2 to 4 usually unequal components. 



Cardamine granulosa All. {Brassicacew.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains rounded, oval, conical, frequently 

 more or less irregular; the broader ones slightly compressed; usually homogeneous; rarely 

 with a small cavity at the broad end, and with a delicate longitudinal slit; eccentricity about 

 one-third and one-fourth. Length about 14^. Some grains appear to approach type 8. 

 Among them some doublets and triplets. 



Dentaria digitata Lam. (Brassicacece.) Fresh and dry scales of the root-stock. — Grains oval or pear- 

 shaped, almost circular in transverse section; two-fifths to almost as broad as long; lamellis 

 delicate (5 to 7), only the innermost ones complete; hilum at the broad end, one-fourth to 

 one-sixth eccentric; the distal end frequently elongated, bluntly cut and squared. In the 

 dry grains a small cavity, and occasionally a few delicate fissures. Length about 32/i, width 

 about 25/i. Among them some doublets. In the young scales the starch-grains are about 

 16/i long, and usually 2 to 3 times as long as thick, and homogeneous. 



Dentaria polyphylla W. K. {Brassicacew.) Dry scales of the root-stocks. — Grains rounded-oval and 

 blunt-triangular to oblong and elongated-conical; two-fifths to almost as broad as long, the 

 broader ones slightly compressed; lamellae distinct, only the innermost ones complete; usu- 

 ally at the broad end, instead of the hilum, a small cavity is found from which frequently a 

 few short fissures radiate; eccentricity about one-fourth and one-seventh. Frecjuently the 

 distal end is broader, but somewhat thinner, but at times thicker than the more dense hilum 

 end; very often it is broadened by a lateral layer of lamellae, the deposit forming a right or 

 an obtuse angle with the axis of the grain. Length about 60/i, width aliout 40^. Some grains 

 approach the cuneiform and some the rod-shaped type (type 9). 



Nymphcea alba Linn. {Nymphaeacece.) Fresh root-stock and roots. — Grains ovoid, oval and conical; 

 twice as long as thick; hilum at the thick end, one-fourth eccentric. Length about lift, 

 thickness about lO/i. Among these are compound grains of few, equal or unequal compon- 

 ents. (See type 15.) 



Stellaria bulbosa Wulfeia. (Caryophyllacew.) Dry tubers. — Grains spherical, oval, or conical; 1 to 2 

 times as long as thick; at the thick end, instead of a hilum, a small cavity is found, one- 

 fourth eccentric; the distal end narrowed, or as broad or somewhat broader than the hilum 

 end, and compressed. Length about 10//, with compound grains of few usually equal com- 

 ponents. (See type 14.) 



Althcea officinalis Linn. (Malvacece.) Dry roots. — Grains rounded, oval, oblong, conical, frequently 

 somewhat curved or reniform or rounded-triangular, frequently somewhat irregular; two- 

 fifths to as broad as long; or the broader ones slightly compressed; no lamellae; rarely only a 

 cavity at the thicker end instead of the hilum, eccentricity about one-fourth; more often an 

 irregular, longitudinal slit. Length about 21/i, width Slfi. Among them few doublets and 

 triplets. 



Euphorbia didcis Jacq. {Euphorbiacece.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains rounded, rounded-triangular, 

 oval, mostly conical, some over twee as long as thick, circular in transverse section; others 

 twice as broad as long; compressed and squared at the distal end; eccentric; several radial 

 fissures or a longitudinal slit present. Length about 13/i. Among them are found some 

 doublets and triplets. Starch plentiful. 



Geranium phctuin I^inn., var. lividum L'Herit. (Geraniacece.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains rounded- 

 triangular, oval, oblong, or conical, more or less irregular; two-fifths to almost as broad as 

 long; the narrow ones circular in transverse section, the broad ones slightlj' compressed, 

 thickened at the hilum end, the distal end somewhat broader but compressed; a small cavity 

 is found from which a delicate longitudinal slit or railial fissures diverge; eccentricity about 

 oue-eighth. Length about 18/i, width 13ju. 



