TYPE 7. GRAINS SIMPLE, ECCENTRIC, CONE-SHAPED. 219 



Geranium sylvaticum Linn. (Geraniacew.) Dry root-slocks and roots. — Grains as in the prcccilinK; 

 most of them conical; many also triangular, about twice as broad as long; flattened at the 

 distal margin; hilum end always thickened. Length about 21//. Transition into wedge- 

 shaped type (type 8). 



Oxalis acetosella Linn. (0.validacea.) Dry scales of the root-stocks. — Grains rounded-triangular, oval, 

 conical, oblong, frequently more or less irregular; 0.33 to 1.5 times as Ijroad as long; the 

 broatler ones compressed to about half the width; hihnn end usually thickened, sometimes 

 both hilum anil distal ends of equal thickness; a small cavity witli delicate radial fissures or a 

 longitudinal slit is present. Length aI)out 22yu. Transition into the weilge-shaped type (type 

 8), and to the rod-shaped type (type 9). Some doublets and triplets. 



Orobus albus Linn. {Leguminosa'.) Dry thickened roots. — Grains oval or conical, usually 1.5 times, 

 rarely twice, as long as thick; at the thicker end instead of a hilum a small cavity is present, 

 sometimes with single radial fissures; eccentricity about one-seventh. Length about 16/u. 

 Among these are found compound grains, of few usually unequal components. (See type 15.) 



Apios tuberosa Moench. {Leguminosa:.) Fresh tubers. — Grains elliptical, oblong, usually somewhat 

 irregular; 1.33 to 2.5 times as long as thick, circular or slightly compressed in transverse 

 section; lamellte indistinct; hilum often visible, small, mostly at the thick end, one-third to 

 one-seventh eccentric. Length about 30//. Among them are found compound grains of 

 2 to 4 components. 



Encephalartos spiralis Lehm. {Cycadacew.) Dry embrxjo. — Grains rounded-oval or conical, 1 to about 

 1.5 times as long as thick; with single lamella?; at the thicker end, instead of the hilum, a 

 small cavity is present, from which delicate, short fissures radiate; eccentricity about one- 

 third and one-fourth. Length 30 to 35//, width 25 to 30//. Among tliese are found compound 

 grains of few usually ecjual comjjonents. (See type 14.) All forms of transition into the 

 simple type may be found among the separated grains. 



Viscum album Linn. {Loranthaceas.) Fresh seed and embryo. — Grains rounded to rounded-oval, usu- 

 ally without lamellae; hilum often distinct, about one-third to one-fourth eccentric. Length 

 about 24//. Also compound grains of 2 to 4 components. The starch-grains in the embryo 

 are like those in the seed, though smaller. 



Loranthus europceus Linn. {Loranthacece.) Dry seed and embryo. — Grains rounded, oval-elliptical, or 

 conical; frequently slightly curved or irregular; no lamelke; hilum at the thickei- end, one- 

 third to one-fourth eccentric; instead of the hilum, a small cavity with sevei'al radial fissures 

 may be present, rarely a longitudinal slit. Length aliout 18//, width 12//. There also are 

 present numerous compound grains of 2 to 4 and more components. Starch plentiful in the 

 seed; also in the embryo, though the grains are smaller. 



Psittacanthus vellozianus Mart. {Loranthacece.) Dry embryo. — Grains oval, or conical, 1.5 times to 

 almost twice as long as thick; rarely with distinct lamellae, the outermost ones complete; 

 instead of a hilum, a small cavity is frequently present, from which sometimes rather short, 

 delicate fissures radiate; eccentricity aljout one-fourth; the hilum end usuallj' thicker, fre- 

 quently distinctly narrower, in which case the distal end also becomes somewliat narrower. 

 Length 35 to 40//, thickness al)out 30//. The starch is a transition form to the inverted conical 

 type (type G) and the rod-shaped type (type 9). 



Carolinea princeps Limi. (Malvacea;.) Dry cotyledons. — Grains spherical, spherical-oval, or short- 

 ened-conical; lamellaj indistinct; at the thicker end, instead of the hilum, a small cavity is 

 found; eccentricity about one-half to one-third. Length about 25/t. There are also present 

 compound grains of few usually unequal components. (See type 15.) 



Stercidiacece. Dry seeds. — These starch-grains greatly resemble those in the cotyledons of the Legu- 

 niinosm {Phaseolus, Vicia, etc.). They are oval, reniform, rounded-triangular, the broader 

 ones slightly compressed, a fissure coinciding with the largest diameter is found in the flat 

 grains, and on the circular ones a cylindrical canal. These at first on this account were 

 classified by N:'lgeli among the centric-oval type (type 3). Triangular forms also occur with 

 fissures radiating from an ecci-ntric point, as well as conical ones in wiiich this point is at 

 the thickened end. It seemed to Niigeli therefore more likely that these starch-grains are of 

 an eccentric structure and that they belonged partly to the conical type (type 7) and partly 

 to the wedge-shaix'd type (type 8). Investigation upon the fresh grains Nageli states must 

 decide this point. 



