TYPE 8. GRAINS SIMPLE, ECCENTRIC, CUNEIFORM, OR FLATTENED. 227 



Canna glaum Linn. — According to Berg (Pharmacognosic, 481) the grains are very irregular; 

 usually disk-shaped, or unequally curved on both surfaces; ovoid, quadrangular, cuneiform, 

 crescent-shaped, or reniform. They are as large as grains of the potato starch; the hihmi lies 

 at a point which in the reniform grains is emarginate, in the quadrangular grains often in 

 the middle, and surroimded by numerous concentric lamella;. 



Canna gigantea Desf. — According to Payen (Ann. Sc. Nat., 1838, ii, 16), the grains are pear-, flask-, 

 and retort-shaped, and attain a length of 175/n; compressed to three-fourths or two-thirds of 

 their width; hilum at the narrow end; lamella; delicate. (See also p. 229.) 



Canna discolor Lindl. — According to Payen (Ann. Sc. Nat., 1838, 16), the grains are rounded- 

 shield-shape, more or less elongated-conical ; hilum at the narrow, often somewhat protrud- 

 ing, end, or sometimes between two more or less marked projections; lamellae numerous. 

 Length about 150/i. 



Hydrophylbim virginicum. (Hydrophyllacece.) Dry root-stocks and roots. — Grains rounded-oval to 

 elongated-oval (elliptical), more or less triangular; half as broad as long; two-ninths to two- 

 fifths as thick as long, hilum end narrow and thick; distal end broad, thin, and squared; 

 lamellae none, or indistinct; instead of a hilum, a small cavity is usually present; eccentricity 

 of hilum one-sixth. Length 28^1, width 20^^. Among these grains are some compound forms 

 consisting of 2 to 5 equal or unequal components. 



Scheeria mexicana Seem. [Gesneracca:.) Fresh scales of the root-stock. — Grains oval, broadly-conical, 

 rounded-triangular, rarely oblong; half to as broad as long; the broader ones compressed to 

 about half their width; from the narrow aspect they are conical; lamellae usually distinct; the 

 hilum end is narrow and thick; the distal end is broad and squared; eccentricity of hilum 

 about one-ninth. Length aliout 40^, width about 33ju. 



Sciadocalyx warszewiczii Kegel. (Gesneracew.) Fresh scales of the root-stocks. — Grains rounded, 

 rounded-triangular, or oval; 0.6 to 1.25 times as broad as long; the broader ones compressed 

 to about one-third of their width; from the narrow aspect they are oblong, with both ends 

 equal; lamelliB distinct. Length about 50^, width about 38^. Isolated semi-compound 

 grains with several hila, and occasionally doublets, are also present. 



Achimenes hirsuta DC; Locheria hirsuta Regel. (Gesneracece.) Fresh scales of the root-stock. — Grains 

 oval, elongated-triangular, conical; one-half to three-fourths as broad as long; the broader 

 ones compressed; the narrower ones terete; from the narrow aspect both ends are either 

 alike or the hilum end may taper; lamellae delicate. Length about 50^. Transitional forms 

 to the rod-shape (type 9) . 



Isoloma vesiitum Benth. {Gesneracece.) Fresh scales of the root-stocks. — Grains oval, broadly-conical, 

 3 to 4 angles with rounded corners; frequently somewhat irregular; 0.66 to 1.5 times as broad 

 as long; the broader ones compressed to about one-third or more of their width; lamellae 

 usually indistinct. Size about 28m. Some isolated doublets are also present. 



Tudoea regelii Heer. {Gesneraceae.) Fresh scales of the root-stocks. — Grains oval, usually rounded- 

 triangular or mussel-shell-shaped; 0.66 to 1.5 times as broad as long; compressed to about 

 one-half or more of their width ; from the narrow aspect the proximal and distal ends of almost 

 equal thickness; lamellae usually distinct; hilum about one-seventh eccentric. Among them 

 are found semi-compound or wholly compound grains, consisting of 2 to 3 equal or unequal 

 components. 



Tudcea picta Desne. {Gesneracece.) Fresh scales of the root-stocks.— Grains rounded, oval, triangular, 

 often somewhat irregular and angular; the distal end usually broad, occasionally somewhat 

 oblique; half to as broad as long; the broader ones compressed to about half their width; 

 from the small longitudinal aspect cone-shapeil, with thickened hilum end; lamella; numerous, 

 delicate, only the innermost ones complete; hilum about one-fifth to one-ninth eccentric; 

 occasionally several short fissures radiate from the hilum. Length about 50^, width 35/i. 

 Some semi-compound grains with two hila are also present. 



Trevirania longiflora Regel. (Gesneracew.) Fresh scales of the root-stocks.— Grams oval, conical, 

 rounded, 3 and 4 angles; half to as broad as long; the broader ones compressed to one-half, 

 rarely one-third, of their width, the narrower ones not at all or slightly compressed; lamellae 

 indistinct; hilum also often indistinct, located at the thicker end (in the broad, compressed 

 grains both ends are frequently of almost equal thickness). Length about 48/j, width 35/1. 

 Transitional forms to the cone-shape (type 7). 



