TYPE 10. GRAINS SIMPLE, STRUCTURE OBSCURE. 233 



Scolopendrium offidnarum Swartz. {Filicinece.) Fresh root-stock. — Grains circular to oval, some- 

 times rather irregular; compressed to about half their width. Size 9/n. 



Di-plazium planlagineuvi Swartz. {Filicinece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded or oval, most of them 

 only slightly compressed, the broad ones rarely to about half their width. Size about V^^l. 



Polystichum thelypteris Roth. (Filicinece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded to oval, sometimes 

 rather irregular, rarely somewhat angular; the broad ones compressed to about one-third 

 and one-fourth of their width; from the narrow aspect elliptically oblong and elongated 

 lanceolate; both ends of equal thickness; sometimes with one longitudinal cleft. Size about 

 17ai. These grains, like those from the root-stocks of several other Filicinece, resemble 

 very closely those of the centric-lenticular type. 



Aspidium filix-mas Swartz. ; Radix filicis. (Filicinece.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains rounded to oblong, 

 rounded-triangular, reniform, often somewhat irregular; the broad ones compressed to about 

 one-half and one-third of their width ; from the narrow aspect sometimes with a longitudinal 

 cleft. Size about lO^u. A very few compound grains consisting of 2 to 3 components are also 

 observed. 



Cystopteris fragilis Bernh. (Filicinece.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains rounded, oval, pear-shaped, fre- 

 quently irregular and somewhat angular; the broad ones compressed to about half their 

 width; somewhat thicker at one end, and thinned and squared at the opposite end. Size 

 about 9m. 



Cystopteris bulbifera Bernh. (Filicinece.) Dry tuber-like bulbils on the fronds. — Grains rounded or 

 rounded-oval, rarely somewhat angular, as the result of pressure; compressed to about 

 half their width; either equally thick throughout or thicker on one side. Size about 7^. 



Ophioglossum vulgatum Linn. (Filicinece.) Dry root-stocks and roots. — Grains rounded or oval, 

 frequently somewhat irregular; the broad ones compressed to about half their width; from 

 the narrow aspect elongate or oval; often a longitudinal slit. Size about 12fi. Starch and oil 

 present in the root-stocks; starch only in the roots. 



Botrychium Lunaria Swartz. (Filicinece.) Dry root-stock and root. — Grains rounded, the larger ones 

 somewhat hollow and compressed. Size about 7/i. No oil in the root-stock. 



Molinia caerulea Moench. (Graminacece.) Dry roots. — Grains oval, oblong, conical, rarely rounded- 

 oval; broad ones distinctly compressed. Size about 8/i. 



Carex arenaria Linn. (Cyperacece.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains rounded, oval, rounded pear-shaped, 

 sometimes slightly compressed; rarely with a small cavity. Size about 12/l<. Among these 

 are observed compound grains of few, unequal components (see type 15). Starcli quite 

 plentiful. 



Carex hirla Linn. Dry. — Grains similar to those in the preceding species, rounded to oval, rounded 

 pear-shaped; the broadest ones compressed at about half their width. Size about 12/j. 

 Among these are observed compound grains of few, unequal components. (See type 15.) 

 Starch plentiful. 



Carex intermedia Good.; Carex distichia Huds. Dry. — Grains rounded to oval; broad ones slightly 

 compressed, the larger ones with a cavity. Size about 8/^. Starch not plentiful. 



Carex atrata Linn. Dry. — Grains rounded. Size 1.5 to B/z. Some of them are probably separated- 

 grains. Starch not plentiful, found in rather thick-wailed cells. 



Carex bicolor All. Dry. — Grains rounded to oval, rounded pear-shaped. Size about Syu. Among these 

 grains are observed some compound grains of few mostly equal components. (See type 14.) 



Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. (Cyperacece.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains spherical to oval and oval 

 pear-shaped. Size about 8^. Among these grains are observed some doublets and triplets. 

 Starch not plentiful. 



Abilgaardia monostachya Vahl. (Cyperacece.) Dry root-stocks. — Grains rounded to oval, and oval 

 pear-shaped; a small cavity in the larger ones. Size about 9^. Among these grains are found 

 compound grains of few equal and unequal components. (See type 14.) 



Scirpus Iriqueler Linn. (Cyperacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded, frequently triangular with 

 rounded corners, oval, conical, and frequently somewhat irregular; the broad ones com- 

 pressed to one-third their width; many with a small cavity. Size about 18//. In some conical 

 grains the cavity is at the thicker hilum end, and in some triangular forms the distal end is 

 thinned and squared, so that the type seems to belong now to the eccentric-conical, now to 

 the cuneiform. In most of the grains no hilum is visible. Starch plentiful. 



