234 DIFFERENTIATION AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



Sdrpiis pungens Vahl.; Scirpiis rolhii Hoppe. (Cijperacecc.) Dry root-stock. — Grains similar to the 

 preceding; usually round, and frequently with 1 or 2 small wart-like or angular processes; 

 the broad ones compressed to one-third or more of their width. Size about 11/j. 



Eriophorum capitatum Host.; Eriophorum scheuchzeri Hoppe. (Cyperaccce.) Dry root-stock. — Grains 

 rounded pear-shaped, oval, and triangular. Size about 7/u. Some doublets and triplets are 

 also observed. 



Triglochin maritimum Linn. {Naiadacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains spherical, oval, rounded pear- 

 shaped, frequently with a small cavity. Size about 8/i. Starch quite plentiful. 



Scheuchzeria palustris Linn. {Naiadacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded or oval, frequently 

 somewhat irregular. Size about ifx. Starch quite plentiful. 



Alisma plantago Linn. (AUsniacecB.) Fresh root-stock. — Grains rounded, rounded-oval, sometimes 

 rather irregular. Size about 7^. Among these are large separated-grains with 1 to 3 pres- 

 sure facets. Size about 2 to 5yu. Starch and oil plentiful in the upper part of the root-stock; 

 n) starch in the lower part. 



Butomus U7nbellatus Linn. {Alismacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded and triangular with 

 rounded corners to oblong and cuneiform, frequently more or less irregular; compressed to 

 one-third or more of their width; frequently from the broad aspect a cavity is observed, 

 and from the narrow aspect a longitudinal slit. Size about 12;u. Starch quite plentiful. 



Juncus bulbosus Linn. ; Juncus compressus Jacq. {Juncacece.) Dry root and root-stocks. — Grains usu- 

 ally romided or slightly angular, rarely oval or rounded pear-shaped; compressed to half their 

 width; many have a small cavity. Size about T/n. Not much starch in the root-stock; more 

 in the roots. 



Juncus balticus Dethard. {Juncacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded to oval and pear-shaped. 

 Size about 7^. Among these grains are compound grains of 2 to 5 equal or imequal compo- 

 nents. Starch not very plentiful. 



Luzula spadicea DC. {Juncacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded or oval, frequently somewhat 

 angular. Size about 8m. Among these are observed compound grains of few usually equal 

 components (see type 14). Starch not plentiful. 



Tofieldia calyculata Whalenb. {Liliacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded to oval, rounded pear- 

 shapetl; many sUghtly compressed; in the larger ones a small cavity is frequently observed. 

 Size about Oju. 



Veratrum album Linn. {Liliacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded or, when crowded in the cell, 

 somewhat angular; usually there is a large or a small central cavity from which single fissures 

 sometimes radiate. Size about 13 to 15ju. Among these are found compound grains of 2 to 4 

 usually equal components. Possibly the greater part of the starch is found in the compound 

 grains. In the root fibers there are grains of equal to somewhat larger size, and having the 

 form of compound grains of type 15. 



Bulbocodiwn vernum Linn. {Liliaceae.) Dry corm. — Grains spherical, oval, or rounded pear-shaped. 

 Size 6 to 8fi. Among these are compoimd grains of few usually unequal components. (See 

 type 15.) 



Gagea stenopetala Rchb. {LiliacecB.) Scales of dry bulbs. — Grains spherical, nearly all of them flat- 

 tened on one side; instead of a hilum, usually a small cavity is observed from which radial 

 fissures emerge; hilum usually either near the middle of the flattened side, or almost central 

 in the completely spherical forms; frequently a curved slit is observed running parallel to the 

 flattened margin, the curved portion of which is directed towards the squared edge. Size 

 17 to 26/u. The grains look hke separated-grains, resembling a segment of a circle. 



Gagea lutea Schult. {Liliacece.) Scales of dry bulbs.- — Grains spherical or oval-spherical, frequently 

 somewhat angular or irregular; a small almost central cavity and radial fissures; lamellte 

 none, or very dehcate, and concentric. Size about 22/i. Some compound grains of few un- 

 equal components are also present. (See type 15.) 



Narthecium ossifragum Huds. {Liliacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded to oval and pear-shaped, 

 frequently somewhat irregular. Size about 17ai. Compound grains with few, usually un- 

 equal components are also present. (See tj-pe 15.) 



Smilax china Linn.; Radix chince. {Liliacece.) Dry root-stocks.- — Grains more or less angular, as a 

 result of pressure, frequently polyhedral with sharp angles and edges, also with flat surfaces; 

 isodiametric or longer in one diameter; instead of a hilum a small central cavity is observed 



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