TYPE 10. GRAINS SIMPLE, STRUCTURE OBSCURE. 235 



from whicli a few fissures radiate; laniclUe rarely distinct. Size 40 to 50/i. The grains fill 

 the cells. Originally the grains are almost spherical, but become angular as a result of i)res- 

 sure. In some grains the surface is flattened only here and there. Among these grains are 

 some compound grains of few equal components. (See type 14.) 



Co7ioshjlis involucrata Endl. (Hwmodoracece.) Dry roots. — Grains rounded, angular with rounded 

 corners, or sharply polyhedral; sometimes they have a small central cavity from which single 

 fissures rarely radiate. Size about 17 ix. Grains completely fill the cell and become angular 

 as a result of pressure. 



Galanthus plicatus Bicrbst. (Aviaryllidacece.) Scales of dry bulbs. — Grains rounded, oval, reniform, 

 frequently somewhat irregular; compressed to one-half or over of their width; from the narrow 

 aspect a longitudinal slit is frequently observed. Size about 42,u. Hilum is usually central. 



Sternhergia lutea Ker. {Amaryllidaceoe.) Scales of dry bulbs. — Grains rounded, oval, reniform, 

 rounded-conical, often somewhat irregular and with blunt angles; compressed to about half 

 their width; instead of the hilum there is a small central or about one-fourth eccentric cavity, 

 from which radiates some very distinct usually cruciform fissures; from the narrow aspect 

 a longitudinal cleft is observed; sometimes isolated lamella are present. Length about 63/i, 

 width to 40^. Among these are found equal or unequally divided doublets. In fresh bulbs 

 from the Botanical Garden in Ziu-ich (the starch above described is from a plant at Cejjh- 

 alonia) the grains are smaller (about 38ju iu size), rounded-reniform, and rounded-triangular 

 to oblong, frequently more or less irregular; they have a small central or slightly eccentric 

 cavity and very short fissures. 



Narcissus poeticus Linn. {Amaryllidacece.) Scales from fresh bulbs. — Grains rounded, with triangu- 

 lar, rhomboidal, and quadrangular outlines; oval, reniform, or oval-cuneiform, frequently 

 more or less irregular; two-fifths to as broad as long; the broad ones compressed to half or 

 more of their width ; lamellse and hilum are distinct in only a few of the larger grains. Size 

 about 21yii. Some of the grains undoubtedly belong to the eccentric, cuneiform type (type 8) ; 

 they are broader than long; the hilum is one-sixth eccentric. Among the grains above men- 

 tioned there are a few compound grains of 2 to 4 components. 



Ccelogyne Jimbriata Lindl. {Orchidacew.) Fresh pseudo-tubers. — Grains usually spherical, without 

 lamellse; frequently with a small cavity from which a few (1 to 4) short or long fissures radiate. 

 Size about 27ti. 



Orchis mascula Linn. (Orchidacece.) Fresh tubers. — Grains spherical, rounded-triangular, or rounded- 

 conical; the broad ones slightly compressed; hilum rarely visible, located at the broader end, 

 two-fifths to two-sevenths eccentric; lamella? none, or unilateral, at the narrow end. Size 

 about 23ti. Among the above are some compound grains of 2 to 5 components, and also 

 isolated semi-compound ones. 



Orchis globosa Linn. Dry. — Grains are spherical, and have a small central cavity. Size about 14ju. 

 Also some compound grains of few components are observed. Starch quite plentiful. 



Orchis militaris Linn. Fresh not fully mature tubers. — Grains spherical. Size about 12fi. Doublets 

 are also rarely observed. 



Orchis latifolia Linn. — According to Payen (Ann. Sc. Nat., 1838, ii, pi. G, fig. 19) the grains are 

 spherical, oval, or conical; two-thirds to twice as long as broad; lamelke distinct; hilum at 

 the thicker end, one-fourth eccentric. Size about 45;u. Among the above are some semi- 

 compound grains of two inclosed components. 



Platanthera bifolia Rich. (Orchidacece.) Tubers. — According to Payen (Ann. Sc. Nat., 1838, ii, 

 pi. 6, fig. 18) the grains are almost spherical, oval, conical, broadly triangular; one-half to 

 almost twice as long as broad; lamellae distinct; hilum about one-fourth eccentric, in the 

 elongated forms located at the thick end. Size about 45;u. The broad grains appear to 

 increase in width at the distal end by means of two prominent angles bounding the less 

 dense and squared edge. 



Calla palustris Linn. (Aroidece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains splu^rical or oval; the larger ones occasion- 

 ally with a small cavity or cleft. Size about 6 to 8ju. Among the above are some doul)lcts, 

 usually of halves. 



Acorus calamus Linn. (Aroidea.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded, angular with rounded corners, 

 oval or ()val-c(jnical; one-half to almost as thick as long. Length about 14/i, thickness about 

 9fi. Among the above are some compound grains of 2 to 3 equal or unequal components. 



