TYPE 10. GRAINS SIMPLE, STRUCTURE OBSCURE. 237 



Aristolochia clcmatitis Lam. (AristolochiacecE.) Fresh root-stock. — Grains usually spherical; also 

 some lamellae; hilum usually indistinct, about one-third eccentric. Size about 11/n. Also 

 some compound grains of 2 to 4 equal components. Size about lOyu. 



Asarum europceum Linn. (Aristolochiacece.) Dry stolojis. — Grains spherical or rounded-oval. Size 

 about 6m. Also some compound grains of 2 to 4, rarely 6, equal components. Size about 11/i. 

 Moderate amount of starch; oil plentiful. 



Plantago maritima Linn. (Planfaginaccw.) Dry root-stock. — Grains spherical to oval; rarely with a 

 small cavity. Size about llju- Also some compound grains of few usually unequal compon- 

 ents (see type 15). 



Plantago media Linn. {Plantaginacew.) Fresh root-stock. — Grains rounded. Size about l/x. Also 

 some compound and separated-grains are observed (see type 15). 



Valeriana officinalis Linn. {Valerianacece.) Fresh root-stock and stock. — Grains spherical; occasion- 

 ally with a central hilum. Size about 9/z. Also there are some compound grains of few 

 equal components (see type 15). 



Valeriana saliimca All. {Valerianacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains spherical or rounded-oval. Size 

 4 to 6m. Among the above are compound grains of few usually equal components (see type 

 14). Starch quite plentiful. 



Valeriana tuberosa Linn. (Valerianacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains spherical; large or small central 

 cavity, frequently with several radiating fissures. Size about 15^. Also a small number of 

 compound grains of few almost equal components (see type 14). 



Dahlia variabilis Desf. (Compositce.) Fresh tuberous roots. — Grains circular or rounded-oval; the 

 large ones compressed to one-fourth and more of their width; they are homogeneous. Size 

 about 40m. Judging from the shape, this starch seems to belong to the centric-lenticular type. 



Cinchona sp.; Cortex china; Huanaco. {Rubiacece.) Dry bark. — Grains rounded, irregular, very 

 often with curved surfaces. Size about 13m. Most of the grains look as if they had been 

 affected by moist heat. Starch scarce. 



Swertia perennis Linn. {Gentianacecc.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded, frequently spherical, rarely 

 with a small central cavity. Size 6 to 8m. Among the above are compound grains of few 

 nearly equal components (see type 14). 



Omphalodes verna Moench. (Boraginaceoe.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded, rarely with a small 

 cavity. Size 5 to 7m. Also compound grains of few nearly equal components (see type 14). 

 Starch scarce. 



Convolvidus soldanella Linn. (Convolindacea;.) Dry stolons. — Grains spherical, rarely oval; few with 

 single lamellffi; a small ca\aty is observed instead of the hilum, central to one-half eccentric. 

 Size about 17m. Among the above are some compound grains of few equal or unequal com- 

 ponents (see type 17). 



Convolvulus lineatus Linn. (Convolvulacece.) Dry root-stock. — Simple and compound grains (see type 

 14) as in the preceding species. Size of the simple grains about 14m. 



Convolvulus imperati Vahl.; Batatas littoralis Chois. {Convolvulacece.) Dry stolons. — Grains spherical 

 or oval-spherical; rarely with single delicate lamellae. Size about 19m. Among the above 

 are some compound grains of few usually equal components (see type 14). 



Ipomcea turpethum R. Br. (Convolvulacece.) Roots. — According to Leon Soubeiran (Journ. Pharm., 

 1854, XXV, 91), the grains are oval or indistinctly triangular; without hilum or lamellae; 

 rarely with either straight or radial fissures; several grains are somewhat tuberculated and 

 apparently compound. Size 20 to 30 or 40m. 



Polemoniiim reptans Linn. (Polemoniacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded to oval, about twice 

 as long as broad; the broad ones slightly compressed; some grains have a small cavity. Size 

 about 8m. Among the above are also some compound grains of few nearly equal components 

 (see type 14). 



Atropa belladonna Linn. (Solanacece.) Dry root. — Grains rounded, oval, oblong, elongated-conical, 

 frequently somewhat irregular; two-fifths to as broad as long; occasionally with indistinct 

 and few lamella; mostly at the narrow aspect instead of the hilum a small cavity is observed; 

 eccentricity one-half to one-sixth. Length about 14 to 18m, width 13m. Among the above 

 are some compound grains of few equal components (see type 14). 



Scrophularia nodosa Linn. (Scrophulariacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded to oblong and con- 

 ical. Size about 9m. Compound grains of few equal or unequal components (see type 14). 



