238 DIFFERENTIATION AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



Gratiola officinalis Linn. (Scrophulariacew.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded to oval. Size about 

 6ju. Also compound grains with a few equal or unequal components are observed (see type 14). 



Veronica aiistriaca Linn. (Scrophulariacew.) Dry rout. — Grains spherical to oval; the large ones 

 with a small central cavity. Size 8 to 10/i. Also some compound grains of few equal or un- 

 equal components (see type 14). 



Wulfenia carinthiaca Jacq. (Scrophulariacem.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded to oval. Size 5 to 

 7n. Also some compound grains of few equal or unequal components (see type 14). 



Pedicularis barrelieri Rechb. {Scrophulariacece.) Dry root. — Grains spherical or rounded-oval; the 

 larger ones with a small central cavity. Size about Qm- With these are found compound 

 grains of few almost equal components (see type 14). Starch quite plentiful. 



Pedicularis rosea Wulf. (Scrophidariaceoe.) Dry root. — Grains as in the preceding. Size about 7/*. 

 With these are found compound grains (see type 14). Starch quite plentiful in some parts of 

 the plant. 



Pedicularis acaulis Scop. (Scrophulariacew.) Dry root. — Grains spherical to oval; the larger ones with 

 a small central cavity. Size about 8/i. Occasionally the size is about ll;u; the grains then 

 have a swollen appearance and a large cavity. Among the above are compound grains of 

 few mostly equal components (see type 14). 



Primula calycina Dub. (Primulacece.) Dry root. — Grains spherical to elliptical; the larger ones 

 have a small cavity at the thicker end instead of a hilum, one-half and one-third eccentric. 

 Size about 15;u. These grains appear to belong to the eccentric-conical type. Among the 

 above are some compound grains of few almost equal components (see type 14). Starch 

 plentiful. The starch in the root-stock is less plentiful, and is contained in thick-walled cells. 

 The grains are smaller (about 7/u), rounded to oval; the larger ones have a small cavity. 



Primula officinalis Jacq. (Primulacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded to oval, the larger with a 

 small cavity. Size about 7yu. Among the above are some compound grains of 2 to 4 com- 

 ponents, and also eeparated-grains. Starch not plentiful; cells thick-walled. 



Soldanella alpina Linn. (Primulacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains spherical, oval, frequently somewhat 

 irregular, occasionally with a small cavity. Size about 9^. Also some compound grains 

 of few components of equal size (see type 14). Starch plentiful in thick-walled, porous cells. 

 Dry roots of the same plant: Grains spherical or oval-spherical; with a small central cavity, 

 frequently with several short radial fissures. Size about 13/i. Also some compound grains 

 (see type 14). 



Glaux marilima Linn. (Primulacece.) Dry creeping stems. — Grains spherical or spherical-oval; 

 frequently with a small cavity from which short fissures may radiate. Size about 12/i. Also, 

 there are some compound grains composed of a few mostly equal components, as in type 14. 

 Starch plentiful; cell-walls not noticcaljly thick. 



Lysimachia vulgaris. (Primulacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains spherical or rounded-oval; frequently 

 with a central cavity and a few short radial fissures. Size about 15ai. Among these arc some 

 compound grains of few equal or unequal components (see type 14). 



Pyrola rotundifolia Linn. (Ericacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded to rounded-oval, occasionally 

 somewhat angular or irregular; many with a small cavity. Size 7 to 9/i. There are some 

 compound grains of few nearly equal components (see type 14). 



Astrantia major Linn. (Umhelliferce.) Dry root-stock.- — Grains rounded or rounded-oval, often an- 

 gular or irregular, many with a small cavity. Size about 7/j. There are several compound 

 grains and many separated-grains. 



Bupleurum lo7igifoliu7n Linn. (Umhelliferce.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded or oval, often irregu- 

 lar. Size about 7/i. There are some compound grains of few components. Starch not 

 plentiful. 



Meum athamanlicum Jacq.; Radix mei. (Umbelliferoe.) Dry root.— Grains rounded to lanceolate, 

 occasionally somewhat angular or irregular; the broader ones compressed to one-half and 

 over of their width. Size about 8^. The small grains are rounded and isodiametric; the 

 large ones tabulate or rod-shaped. There were no indications of compound forms as in the 

 roots of other Umbelliferce. Some of the apparently simple grains may be separated-grains. 



Gaya simplex Gaud. (Malvacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded to oval, often angular or irregu- 

 lar; many with a small cavity. Size 6 to 8^. There are some compound grains and many 

 separated-grains. 



