TYPE 10. GRAINS SIMPLE, STRUCTURE OBSCURE. 239 



Levislicum officinale Koch. (Umbdlifcrw.) Dry root. — Grains s]>herical, occasionally somewhat 

 angular; no lamella^; with a small central cavity. Size 12 to 18^. There arc separatcd-grains, 

 as in type 14. 



Archangelica officinalis Koffm. {UmhellifercE.) Dry root. — Grains rounded. Size about 8ai. Very 

 little starch. 



Imperatoria ostruthium Linn. (Umbelliferw.) Dry root-stock. — Grains oval, conical, oblong, occa- 

 sionally somewhat curved, rarely sHghtly constricted in the middle; one-third to one-half as 

 thick as long; occasionally almost as thick as long; without fissures. Size about 14yu, thick- 

 ness about 6ju. Hilum most likely toward the narrow aspect. 



Pastinaca sativa Linn. {U7nbelliferce.) Dry root. — According to Payen (Ann. Sc. Nat., 1838, ii, p. 

 28; pi. 4, fig l), the grains are rounded, and compressed to about half their width. Size 7.5/li. 



Cormis suecica Linn. (Cornacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains spherical to oval; the larger ones with a 

 small cavity. Size 7 to 9/i. There are compound grains of few almost equal components. 

 (See tj-pe 14.) 



Sedum fabaria Koch. (Crassulacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded, rounded-triangular, oval, 

 conical, spindle-shaped, lanceolate, at times somewhat curved and more or less irregular; 

 some with 1 or even 2 and 3 prominent solid angles and papillary processes; one-third to as 

 broad as long; the broad ones slightly compressed; no lamell:e; many with a longitudinal 

 slit. Length about 17yu, width 12/j. Among the above are some compound grains of few 

 components which arise tlu-ough division of the hilum, as well as from the segmentation of 

 the solid angles or the processes. 



Mittella -pentandra Linn.; Drummondia mittelloides DC. (Saxifragacew.) Dry root-stock. — Grains 

 oval, conical, rod-shaped, spindle-shaped, sometimes triangular, frequently somewhat 

 curved, mostly more or less irregular; one-fourth to almost as broad as long; the broad ones 

 compressed; some with a cavity or a slit. Size about 14/z. Doublets with unequal halves. 

 Starch quite plentiful. 



Mittella diphylla Linn. (Saxifragacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded, oval, oblong, conical, 

 rounded-triangular, and reniform; frequently more or less irregular; two-fifths to as broad as 

 long; the broad ones compressed to about one-third of their width. Size about ISju. Starch 

 quite plentiful. 



Rammcidiis pyrenceus Linn. {Ranunculacem.) Dry-root. — Grains rounded, rounded-triangular, reni- 

 form, oval, or shortened-conical; frequently more or less irregular, compressed; from the nar- 

 row aspect a longitudinal slit is frequently observed; no lamellae. Size about 14^. 



Ficaria ranunculoides Moench. var. from Algiers; Ranunculus ficaria Linn. (Ranuncxdaccm.) Dry 

 thickened roots. — Grains rounded, triangular with rounded corners, and quadrangular, oval, 

 conical, frequently more or less irregular; the Ijroad ones compressed to one-half and more of 

 their width; from the narrow aspect a longitudinal slit is observed. Size 24ju. Among the 

 above are some doublets. The grains seem to belong to the eccentric-conical (type 7), or 

 cuneiform type (type 8). The grains of indigenous plants show a distinct eccentric cunei- 

 form or compressed structure. (See type 8.) 



Podyphyllum peltatum Linn. (Berberidacece.) Dry root-stock.— Grains spherical to oval. Size about 

 5m. Some compound grains of many components and separated-grains. (See type 16.) 



Sanguinaria canadensis Linn. {Papaveracece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains rounded, oval, conical, or 

 frequently irregular; occasionally with a cavity. Size about 16yu. There are some compound 

 grains of few unequal components (see type 15). The starch undoubtedly belongs to an 

 eccentric type. 



Papaver orientale Linn. (Papaveracece.) Fresh root-stock. — Grains rounded to oblong; one-half to 

 as thick as long. Size 8^. 



Dentaria bulbifera Linn. (Brassicacece; Cruciferce.) Dry scales of the small axillary 6mZ6s.— Grains 

 oval, conical, or rounded-triangular; broad ones compressed; some with a longitudinal slit. 

 Size about 14ai. The grains appear to belong to the eccentric-conical type. Cells entirely 

 filled with starch-grains. 



Cochlearia armoracia Linn. (Brassicacew; Cruciferce.) Fresh root. — Grains spherical to oblong; one- 

 third to just as broad as long; occasionally slightly compressed; many with a rounded and 

 elongated or a sht-like cavity. Size 11 to 14^. 



