TYPE 10. GRAINS SIMPLE, STRUCTURE OBSCURE. 241 



Opuntia bras-ilicnsis Haw.; Cactus hrasilieiisis. (Caclaccm.) Stems. — Accoriling to Payeii (Ann. Sc. 

 Nat., 1838, p. 25, pi. 4, fig. b), the grains are irregular, with elevations and depressions; 

 lamelhr and hihnn indistinct. Size about 20// ; some grains end in a l.'iter.-U curved hooki 

 probably a jiartly decomposed form. Among these are some compound grains of few com- 

 ponents. 



Opuntia curassavica Mill. {Cactacew.) — According to Payen (loc. cit., ]). 27; \)\. 4, fig. h), the grains 

 are rounded or oblong, somewhat sinuate; lamellae and hilum invisible. Size about lOju. 

 Some doublets and triplets are also observed. 



Opuntia tmia Mill.; Cactus opuntia tuna.. (Cactacece.) — According to Payen (loc. cit., j). 27, pi. 4 

 fig. f), the grains are spherical, sometimes rather irregular; lamella; and hilum invisible. 

 Size about lOfi. Some doublets are also observed. 



Opuntia ficus indica Mill. — According to Payen {loc. cit., p. 27, pi. 4, fig. g), the grains are similar 

 to the preceding, only somewhat smaller and less numerous. 



Pereskia grandiflora Haw.; Cactus pereskia grandiflora. (Cactacew.) Pith. — According to Payen 

 (loc. dt., p. 2.5, pi. 4, fig. a), the grains are rounded, usually irregular and angular; with a 

 few distinct lamellae and more or less eccentric hilum. Size about 22.5/t. Many separated- 

 grains are also observed. 



Portulaca megala.ntha Steud. (Portulacacew.) Dry root. — Grains spherical, or rounded-oval; occa- 

 sionally with a central cavity. Size about 14/n. Also some compound grains of few equal 

 components are observed (see type 14). 



Ullucus tuberosa Lozano. (Chenopodiacew.) Tubers. — According to Leon Soubeiran (Journ. Pharm., 

 1854, XXV, p. 99), the smaller grains are oval or spherical, larger ones elongated and slightly 

 curved, sonic indistinctly triangular; the oblong grains have distinct lamellae and hilum. 

 Size 20 to 50 and GOju. 



Saponaria officinalis Linn. (CanjophijUacea;.) Dry root. — Grains rounded or acute-angled; the latter 

 evidently separated-grains. Size 7 to 8^. Poor in starch. 



Althaea rosea Cav. (Malvacece.) Fresh root. — Grains rounded or oval, rarely oblong; not at all or 

 slightly compressed. Size 7 to 9/i. Poor in starch. 



Adansonia digitata Linn. {Malvacece.) Dry fruit pulp. — Grains rounded-oval to elliptical; curved 

 on one side and almost straight on the other; two-thirds to as broad as long; the broad ones 

 compressed; lamellte none, or very delicate; usually with a slit-like cavity from which deli- 

 cate transverse fissures proceed; cavity is very distinct from the narrow aspect and very 

 indistinct from the broad aspect. Size about 18/i. The starch resembles the centric oval 

 type. 



Androsceum officinale All. {Hypericacece.) Fresh root. — Grains rounded to oval, often irregular; 

 compressed to one-fourth their width; frequently sunken or with a cavity in the middle. 

 Size 14 to 18m. 



Hypericum elodes Linn. {Hyperiacacccc.) Dry creeping root-stock. — Grains rounded to oval, usually 

 slightly compressed; from the narrow aspect a longitudinal slit is usually observed. Size 

 about 13/1. Among these are found compound grains of few equal or unequal components 

 (see type 14). 



Byrsonima crassifolia DC. {MalpighiacecB.) — Grains spherical or oval; once to almost twice as 

 long as thick, lamellte and hilum none; rarely a cavity in place of the hilum, about one- 

 fourth eccentric; the two ends apparently alike in thickness. Length about 18ju, thickness 

 about 13/t. Among these are found compound grains of few, mostly equal components 

 (see type 14). 



Euphorbia cyparissias Linn. {Euphorbiacece.) Fresh root-stock. — Grains rounded, oval, conical. 

 Size about lO/x. Separated-grains with 1 to 4 pressure facets. Size 2 to 8/i. Only a few 

 perfect compound grains were seen within the cells. They consist of 2 to about (5 and 8 

 chiefl}^ unequal components. 



Croton eluteria Swartz. Cascarilla bark. {Euphorbiaccic.) Dry bark. — Grains rounded or oval, 

 occasionally somewhat angular or irregular; many are hollow. Size about 12/i. Poor in 

 starch. 



Galipea officinalis Hancock; Cortex angusturm verus. {Rutacew.) Dry bark. — Grains spherical or 

 angular with rounded angles; many with a cavity which is frequently large. Size about 12/i. 

 Poor in starch. 

 16 



