254 DIFFERENTIATION AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



and those constituting type 14. Some simple toruloid or indented grains also occur similar 

 to those in Maranta ramosissima (p. 229), but smaller (about 11 to 14;u), and only slightly 

 compressed. 



Hcliconia sp. (Mtisacece.) Dry seed endosperm. — Grains rounded-oval to oblong, sometimes curved, 

 often irregular, frequently somewh.it toruloid; one-fourth to almost as broad as long; the 

 broad ones slightly compressed. Some apijear to be simple grains; in the majority of them 

 several (2 to 12 or more) cavities are noted. Lengt.h aljout 17yu, width about 10,u. These 

 grains stand between those of the Maranta species and Thalia dealbata. 



Piper. {Piperacea;.) Seed endosperm. — Besides the ordinary compound grains with numerous 

 components, there are some whose components are completely fused, as in type 16. 



Type 13. Grains Compound, in One or Two Rows. 



Components 3 to 11; form a compound grain; arranged in 1 or 2 rows separated by clefts, and 

 at maturity falling away as separated-grains. These compound grains arise in two ways, either by 

 the repeated splitting of the hilmn of an originally simple grain, or by the fusion of a number of 

 originally separate grains lying next to each other in an elongated chloroplast (as in Chara). In 

 the latter case they may for some time partially or entirely retain their green color. 



Chara hispida Linn. (Algw.) Fresh cells of the internodes. — Compound grains oblong or rod-shaped; 

 one-fifth to one-half as broad as long; usually slightly compressed; consisting of 2 to 8 almost 

 equal components. Length about 34;u, width about 9/u. Components in two rows with over- 

 lapping ends; two-fifths to two-thirds as broad as long; without lamellae. Length 8 to 16;u. 

 The starch-grains which originate in the chloroplast are originally green and later become 

 colorless. 



Hyacinthus orientalis Linn. (Liliacew.) Fresh scales of the bulbs. — Compound grains oval to lanceo- 

 late; one-half to one-third as broad as long; consisting of 2 to 8 unequal components. 

 Length about 35,14. Components are arranged in one or two rows; lamellje rare, delicate, 

 usually with a small central hilum; also simple cuneiform and semi-compound grains 

 are found. 



Canna lagunensis Lindl. (Cannacew.) Fresh root-stock. — Compoimd grains, elongated to linear, 

 usually more or less curved; 3 to 8 times as long as broad; consisting of 3 to 11 usually un- 

 equal components arranged in 1 and sometimes in 2 rows. Length about 7^- Components 

 Avith distinct or indistinct concentric lamollse, and cither an almost central hilum or occa- 

 sionally with several hila, which arc undergoing longitudinal transverse fission. Size 3 to 18^. 

 Among these are simple, eccentric compressed grains and semi-compound grains, as well as 

 all the intermediate transitional stages between these two. 



Canna pedunculata Sims. (Camiacece.) Fresh root-stock. — Compound gi-ains olilong or lanceolate, 

 usually irregular, frequently curved; 2 to 6 usually unequally divided grains often arranged 

 in one row. Size of smallest components are 2 to 3 and of the largest 30/n.; in the latter the 

 lamellse are sometimes distinct and the hilum very eccentric. Also simple, eccentrically 

 compressed grains are found. 



Canna lanuginosa Bosc. (Cannaceoe.) Fresh root-stock. — Compound grains oblong or linear-lanceo- 

 late, usually irregular, frequently curved, occasionally compressed; 2 to 8 equal or 

 unequal components arranged in one row. Among these simple and semi-compound grains 

 are found. 



Canna coccinea Ait. (Cannaceoe.) Fresh root-stock. — Compound grains oblong or lincar-lanceolat*, 

 usually irregular and frequently curved; 2 to 6 to 8 equal or unequal components arranged 

 either in one or rarely in two rows. Simple grains and all transitions to the semi-compound 

 ones are found. 



Fagopyrum esculentum.; Polygonum fagopyrum Linn. (Gh'aminaceoe.) Fresh and dry seeds. — Compound 

 grains rounded, elongated, rod-shaped, sometimes curved or bent; frequently irregular; 

 angular or lobulate; 1 to 8 times as long as broad; the narrow ones terete, the broad ones 

 compressed; consisting of 2 to 15 components which are arranged in one or two rows, rarely 

 in more rows, or even in a simple layer. Length about 38/i, width about 20^. Components 

 are homogeneous, or each have a central hilum. Size 4 to lOju. Simple centric spherical 

 grains are also observed. 



