type 14. grains compound, of few components of equal size. 255 



Type 14. Grains Compound, of Few Components of Equal Size. 

 Two to ten or more components of about equal size, miited into one compound grain, soi)arate(l 



1 )y fissures, and at complete maturity breaking away as separated-grains with one curved surface 



and one or more pressure facets. The compound grains originate by the division of the hilum and 



b}- rejicated (Uvision of the same, and pass over into the compound type with many components, 



as in type 16. These occur rarely alone, but are frequently mingled either with simple grains or 



with compound ones belonging to type 15 which are formed by their angles or edges laeing cut off. 



Cycas circinalis Linn. (CycadacecB.) Pith. — According to Payen (Ann. Sc. Nat., 1838, ii, p. 18 pi., 

 6, figs. 4, 5), the compound grains consist of 2 to 8 and 10 equal and regular components. 

 Separated-grains with one curved surface and one to seven pressure facets; with indistinct 

 lamellae; hilum about one-fourth eccentric. Size about 45/i. Commercial sago changes 

 slightly in moist heat. Size of the starch-grains about 70;u. Starch-grains in the base of 

 the petiole similar to those in the pith of the stem. 



Coix lacryma Linn. {Graminacece.) Dry roots. — Compound grains, rounded or oval; consisting of 

 2 to 4 and 8 almost equal components. Size about ll/x. Separated-grains 2.5 to 5;u. Also 

 some simple spherical grains are observed. Size about 7fi. Starch quite plentiful in the 

 cortex of the root. 



Panicwm arenarium Brot.; Panicum repens Linn. (Graminacece.) Dry root-stock. — Compound 

 grains, consisting of 2 to 4 equal, rarely unequal, components (only a few that have fallen to 

 pieces are present). Size about 20 to 26/i. Separated-grains rounded or oval; homogeneous 

 or with a small cavity instead of a hilum; about one-fourth eccentric. Size about 13//. 



Oplis7uenus colonus Humb. and Kunth.; Panicum colonus Linn. {Graminacece.) Dry root-stock. — 

 Separated-grains rounded or angular with rounded angles, usually compressed. Size about 

 6^. Some are distinctly separated-grains with one curved sm-face and 1 to 6 pressure facets. 

 The compound grains, of which none are any longer present, may have consisted of 2 to 10 

 components. Poor in starch; starch entirely wanting in the roots. 



Yilja pungens; Sporobolus pungens Kunth. {Graminacece.) Dry stolons. — Grains compound, con- 

 sisting of 2 to 10 and 12 almost equally large components. Size about 14/i. Separated- 

 grains 3 to 8fi; the larger ones have a small cavity, occasionally with single delicate radial 

 fissures. Cell-walls very thick, and with numerous indentations. 



Cynodon dactylon Pers. {Graminacece.) Dry stolons. — Grains compound, consisting of 2 to 7 and 9 

 equal, rarely unequally large components. Size about 12 to 10/i. Separated-grains nearly 

 rounded, 3 to 8/j; the larger ones hollow. 



Andropogon muricatus Retz.; Anatherum muricatus Bcauv.; Radix iivaranciisce. (Graminacew.) 

 Dry roots. — Grains compound or 2 to 4 equally triangular or tetrahedral components. Size 

 about 25//. Separated-gi-ains conical, with bluiit, slightly protruding ends; 0.75 to 1.33 

 times as broad as long; lamellae none; toward the narrow aspect instead of a hilum a small 

 cavity is occasionally found with 1 to 2 radiating fissures; eccentricity about one-fourth. 

 Length 7 to 13/i, width 8 to 11/i. Also a few simple, spherical grains are observed. 

 The grains described by Schleiden (Grundzuge, 3 Aufl. i, 185, fig. 15) had been changed by 



heat. According to Berg (Pharmacognosie), Radix iwarancusce contains no starch. In numerous 



specimens obtained from various sources, Nageli always found starch plentiful in the pith, but 



none in the cortex. 



Scirpus marilimus Linn. {Cyperacece.) Dry root-stock. — Compound grains spherical or oval, con- 

 sisting of 2 to 10 usually equal and regularly disposed components. Size about 18/i. Sej)- 

 arated grains mostly have a small central cavity from which, in the larger grains, several 

 fissm-es radiate. Size 5 to 14/i. Also some simple spherical grains, with small central cavity 

 and single radial fissures. Size about 15/i. 



Carex maxima Scop. (Cyperacece.) Dry root-stock. — Compound grains rounded, oval, usually more 

 or less irregular; consisting of 2 to 10 and 14 usually equal components. Size about 9/i. 

 Size of the separated-grains 1.5 to 4/(. Also some simple rounded and oval grains are found. 



Carex bicolor All. (Cyperacece.) Dry root-stock. — Compound grains rounded or oval, frequently 

 somewhat irregular, consisting of 2 to 8 and 10 usually almost equal components. Size about 

 7/i. Size of the separated-grains 1 to 3/z. Simple grains of incomplete formation are also 

 found. 



