256 DIFFERENTIATION AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



Willdenmvia teres Thumb. (Restionacece.) Dry roots. — Separated-grains with one curved and 1 to 

 5 pressure facets, occasionally with a central cavity. Size about lOyu. Only a few compound 

 grains of 2 to 4 components are still present. The greater number have fallen ajjart. Judg- 

 ing from these separated-grains they must have consisted of at least 8 components. Some 

 simple spherical and rounded-oval grains are also found. 



Restio incurvatus Thumb. (Restionacew.) Dry root-stock. — Grains compound spherical or oval, con- 

 sisting of 2 to 10 and 20 unequal or chiefly equal components. Size about 14/i. Separ- 

 ated-grains 2 to 8ai; the larger ones have a small cavity. 



Luzula spadicea DC. (Juncacece.) Dry root-stock. — Compound gr.ains consisting of 2 to 8 and 12 

 usually almost equal components. Size about 13/i. Separated-grains 2 to 6ai. 



Colchicum autiunnale Linn. {Colchicacece.) Fresh tubers. — Grains compound, of 2 to 4 usually equal 

 components, usually arranged in a tetrahedron, rarely 3 in a row. Size about 28yu. Sep- 

 arated-grains without lamella;; with distinct hilum; occasionally, instead of the hilum, a small 

 cavity from which 2 fissures extend toward the edges. Size 3.8 to 18m. Also a few simple 

 spherical or flattened sjiherical grains are found. 



Colchicum variegatum Linn.; Radix hermodactyli (Colchicacece.) Dry tubers. — Compound grains, 

 spherical, oval, or oblong; 2 to 8 usually equal components. Size about 60^. Separated- 

 grains without lamellse, and with distinct fissures radiating toward the corners. Size about 

 30/u. Some simple spherical and spherically-oval grains are found. 



Monochoria plantaginea Kunth, PI. Ind. or ed. Hohenacker. {Pontederiacece.) Dry root-stock. — 

 Compound grains, rounded or oval; consisting of 2 to 10 and 16 usually almost equal com- 

 ponents. Size about 12;li. Separated-grains 2 to 8fi; the larger ones have a central cavity, 



S7nilax sp. {LiUacecc.) Dry sarsaparilla root. — Compound grains spherical, rarely oval or oblong; 

 consisting of 2 to 8 usually equal components, which are either arranged as 3 in a triaTigle 

 (rarely in a row), 4 in a tetrahedron (rarely in a square), or 6 in a hexahech-on. Size al)out 

 23^. Separated-grains \\'ithout lamellae; instead of a hilum usually a small almost central 

 cavity is observed \vith frequently 2, rarely 4, radial fissures. Also simple, spherical grains 

 with small central cavity and radial fissures are rarely observed. Size 16^. 



Smilax china Linn. ; Radi.r chinoe. {Liliaceae.) Dry root-stock. — Compound grains more or less angular 

 as a result of pressure, frequently polyhedral, consisting of 2 to 4, rarely 6, equal components. 

 Size about 60^- Separated-grains polyhedral, rarely with a few distinct lamella;; instead of a 

 hilum a small central cavity is found, from which several fissures usually radiate. Size 15 

 to 30;u. Also simple grains with incomplete formation. 



Tacca pinnatifida Forst. (Taccacece.) Tahiti arrowroot. Root-stock. — According to Walpers (Bot. 

 Zeit., 1851, p. 333), the compound grains probably consist of 2 to 6 components. Separatetl- 

 grains with 1 to 4 pressure facets; indistinct lamella;; hilum eccentric, with one well-marked 

 transverse fissure, as in Alaranta arundinacca. Size as in the latter or somewhat smaller. 

 According to Leon Soubeiran (Journ. Phar., 1854, xxv, 180) the grains are spherical, often 

 cut off vertically to the longitudinal axis, elliptical, occasionally somewhat pear-shaped; 

 some have stellate fissures in the place of the eccentric hilum. Size varies from 30 to 40m, 

 some grains, however, are not over 10^. (Judging from the illustration the larger grains 

 appear to be simple grains, not separated ones.) 



Meristostigma silenoides Dietr. {Iridncece.) Dry bulbs. — Grains compound, consisting of 2 to 10 

 and 12 usually equal-sized components which are regularly arranged. Size about 42^. 

 The larger separated-grains have a small cavity from which single short fissures may radiate; 

 one-half eccentric in oval grains. Size 2 to 18yu. Some simple spherical or oval grains are 

 also observed. Size about 20/i. 



Gladiolus conununis Linn. {Iridacece.) Dry bulbs. — Compound grains spherical or oval; 2 to (3 and 

 8 equal or somewhat unequal components which are usually regularly arranged. Size 7 to 

 28/i. Separated-grains, size 2.5 to 18^- The larger ones with a small cavity from which 

 strongly marked fissures radiate toward the edges. 



Trichonema bidbocodium Ker. (Iridacece.) Dry bulbs. — Compound grains consisting of 2 to 10 and 

 12 usually equal components, which are regulaa-ly arranged. Size 28^. Separated-grains, 

 size 2 to Mfi ; the larger ones have a small cavity, instead of a hilum, from which occasionally 

 single short radial fissures radiate toward the edges. Some simple spherical grains are also 

 present. Size about 16^. 



