258 DIFFERENTIATION AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



Aristolochia seiycntaria Linn. {Aristolochiacew.) Pith of dry root-stock. — Compound grains spherical 

 or oval-splicrical, 2 to 8 usually equal components, arranged regularly in triangles, tetra- 

 hedrons, hexahedrons, or octahedrons. Size about 18p. Separatcd-grains \Nithout lamellir, 

 hilum, and fissures. Size 3 to 12fi. Simple spherical homogeneous grains are also present. 

 Size about 12*1. 



Aristolochia pistolochia Linn. (Aristolochiaceoe.) Dry roots. — Compound grains spherical, rarely 

 elliptical, consisting of 2 to 8 and 12 usually equal components which are regularly arranged. 

 Size about 18/x. Separated-grains 3 to 11/u; the larger ones have a cavity. Some large seji- 

 arated-grains swoOen and apparently hollow; and some simple, rounded ones are also ob- 

 served. 



Valeriana officinalis Linn, (yalerianacece.) Fresh root-stock and roots. — Compound grains consist- 

 ing of 2 to 4 equal components which are arranged regularly in triangles or tetrahedrons. 

 Separated-grains sometimes -n-ith a distinct central hilum. Size about 8^. Also simple 

 grains of incomplete formation are observed. 



Valeriana tiiberosa Linn. {Valerianacece.) Dry root-stock — Grains consisting of 2 to 4, rarely 6, almost 

 equal components. Size 22/i. Separated-grains with a large or a small cavity from which 

 fissures radiate toward the comers. Size 4 to 15/u. Also some simple grains with structure 

 undeveloped. 



Valeriana saliunca All. (ValerianacecB.) Dry root-stock. — Compound grains spherical to oval and 

 elliptical, with unequal sides, consisting of 2 to 6 and 10 equal or somewhat unequal com- 

 ponents. Size about IV. Separated-grains 2 to bfx, the larger ones with a small cavity. 

 Also simple grains ■n'ith imperfect structure. 



Succisa pratensis Moench. (Dipsacacew.) Dry root and root-stock. — Compound grains spherical to 

 oval and elliptical; consisting of 2 to 10 and 16 components which maj' be equal, though 

 more frequently unequal. Size about 20;u. Separated-grains have a small or large ca\ity, 

 from which short, delicate, radial fissures very often pass out, usuallj^ almost central, rarely 

 one-half eccentric. Size 2.5 to 10 and 14/i. 



Vinca minor Linn. {Apocynacece.) Dry root. — Grains consisting of 2 to 4 and 6 almost equal, 

 rarely imequal, components. Size about 25^. Separated-grains somewhat obhque; instead of 

 a hilum usually a small central cavitj' is observed from which delicate fissures radiate. Size 

 about 12/i. Simple, usuallj' eccentric-conical grains are also found. 



Swertia perennis Liim. (Genlianacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains consisting of 2 to 4 and 6 usually 

 almost equal components. Size about 12;u. Separated-grains rarely have a small cavity. 

 Size 3 to 7/i. Simple grains of incomplete formation are also observed. 



Teucrium hyrcanicum Limi. (Labiatacece.) Fresh unripe pericarp. — Grains rounded, usually angular; 

 size about S^i ; majority probably separated-grains. Some compound grains of 2 to 6 com- 

 ponents are also foimd. 



Omphalodcs verna Moench. (Boraginacea.) Dry root-stock. — Compound grains roimded or oval, 

 consisting of 2 to 4 and 6 equal or rarelj- unequal components. Size about 9fi. Separated- 

 grains have occasionally a small cavity. Size 2 to 5^- Simple grains of incomplete formation 

 are also observed. Starch not very plentiful. 



Symphytum tuberosum Linn. (Boraginacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains consisting of 2 to 4 usually 

 equal components. Separated-grains have a small central cavity from which sometimes 

 several short, delicate radial fissures emerge. Size about 12^. Simple, usually eccentric- 

 conical, grains are also found. 



Convolvidus soldanclla Linn. (Convohndacece.) Dry stolons. — Compound gi-ains rounded or oval, 

 consisting of 2 to 6 and 8 equal or imequal components. Size about 24/i. Separated-grains, 

 size 3 to 14 and 18^; instead of the hilum, the larger ones have a small cavity from which 

 fissiu-es radiate towards the comers; oval forms with eccentric hilum, almost one-half, arc 

 rarely present. Simple grains of incomplete formation are al.so found. 



Convolvulus lineatiis Linn. (ConvoltnilacecB.) Dry root-stock. — Starch as in the preceding. Grains 

 usually smaller, consisting of 2 to 10 components. Size about 20;u. Size of the separated- 

 grains 2 to 13ju. Simple grains of imperfect formation are also observed. 



Convolwhis iynperati Vahl.; Batatas littoralis Chois. (Convolvulacece.) Dry stolons. — Compound 

 grains rounded or oval; consisting of 2 to 4 and 6 usually equal components. Size about 28/i. 



