260 DIFFERENTIATION AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



Pedicularis rosea Wulf. (Scrophulariacew.) Dry root. — Compound grains (most of which have fallen 

 to pieces) consist, of 2 to 5 almost equal components. Separated-grains, size 2 to 5m ; the 

 larger ones have a central cavity. Simple grains of incomplete formation are also found. 



Pedicularis acaidis Scop. (Scrophidnriacecc.) Dry root. — Compound grains consisting of 2 to 6 

 usually almost equal components. Size about lifx. Separated-grains, size 2 to 0;u; the larger 

 ones have a small cavity. Occasionally 10;u in size, then swollen up owing to a large cavity. 

 Simple grains of imperfect formation are also observed. 



Orobanche sp. {Scrophidariacece or Orobanchacece.) Dry root-stock. — Compound grains consisting of 

 2 to 4 usually equal components. Size about 50;u. Separated-grains, lamellae none or not 

 distinct; instead of the hilum a central or one-half eccentric cavity is observed from which 

 well-marked fissures radiate to the margins. Size about 30yu. Also simple, usually eccentric- 

 spherical grains are observed. 



Primula calycina Duby. ; Primula glaucescens Moretti. {Primulacece.) Dry I'oots. — Compound 

 grains of 2 to 4 usually equal components. Separated-gi'ains, size 5 to lOju; instead of a hilum 

 a small central or one-half eccentric cavity is observed. Simple grains of incomplete forma- 

 tion are also found. 



Soldanella alpina Linn. (Primulacew.) Dry root-stock. — Compound grains of 2 to 4 almost equal, 

 rarely somewhat unequal, components. Separated-gi'ains, size about 27 fi; the larger ones 

 have a small cavity. Simple grains of incomplete formation are also found. The grains in 

 the root are somewhat larger. Size of the separated-grains is about lOyu; they have a small 

 cavity with isolated short fissures. Simple grains are also present. 



Glaux maritima Linn. {Primulacece.) Dry creeping stems.- — Compound grains of 2 to 4 and 8 usually 

 equal, sometimes unequal, components. Size about 15/j. Separated-grains, size 4 to 10^; 

 the larger ones have a small cavity from which fissures occasionally radiate. Simple grains 

 of incomplete formation are also observed. 



Lysimachia vulgaris Linn. (Primulacece.) Dry root-stock.- — Compound grains of 2 to 8 and 10 equal 

 or unequal components. Size about 21fi. Separated-grains, size 4 to 17yu; the larger ones have 

 a small cavity from which fissures radiate toward the corners. Simple grains of incomplete 

 formation are also observed. Starch plentiful; cell-walls are not perceptibly thickened. 



Pyrola rotundifolia Liim. (Ericacew.) Dry root-stocks. — Compound gi-ains of 2 to 4 and 6 usually 

 equal components. Size about 15fi. Separated-grains, size 3 to 8^; the larger ones have a 

 small cavity. Simple grains of incomplete formation are also observed. 



Hydrocotyle vidgaris Linn. (UmbcUifercc.) Dry rooted caulicles. — Compound grains of 2 to 4 and 10 

 usually equal, rarely unequal, components. Size 18 to 24/x. Separated-grains with 1 to 5 

 pressure facets; instead of a hilum, a small cavity is observed from which fissures radiate 

 toward the corners. Size 4 to 17ai; also isolated simple, spherical or ovate grains are found. 



Apixim graveolens Linn., var. cult. {Umbelliferce.) Fresh root. — Separated-grains rounded or angular 

 with rounded comers, with 1 curved surface and 1 to 5 pressure facets; neither hilum nor 

 lamellae. Size about 12^. The compound grains have fallen apart; only a few may be dis- 

 tinguished within the cells, and these are oval or spherical and consist of 2 to 8 components. 



Petroselinum sativum Hoffm. ; Radix petroselini. ( UmbellifercE.) Dry root. — Compound grains spherical 

 to elongated-oval, consisting of 2 to 10 and 15, rarely 30, components. Size about 25/i. Sep- 

 arated-grains, size 2 to lOyu; the majority have one curved surface, but several are boimded 

 merely by pressure facets; the larger ones have a small central cavity, and several fissures 

 turned toward the corners. 



Pimpinella saxifraga Linn.; Radix pimpinella alba. {Umbelliferce.) Dry roots. — Grains rounded or 

 angular with roimded angles, frequently with one curved surface and 1 to 4 distinct pressure 

 facets; solid and homogeneous. Size about 9^. The majority of these grains are undoubtedly 

 separated-grains. However, simple grains also occur, which can be recognized by their 

 spherical shape. Only a few compound grains are present. 



Levistiatm officinale Koch. {Umbelliferce.) Dry root. — Separated-grains with one curved surface and 

 1 to 4 pressure facets; instead of a hilum, usually a small central cavity is present from which 

 isolated fissures diverge. Size about 12 to 18;u. Grains are crowded in the cells; only a very 

 few compound grains were noted. Some simple grains of incomplete formation are also 

 found. 



