TYPE 15. GRAINS COMPOUND, COMPONENTS FEW AND UNEQUAL. 269 



Isoclcs Inciistris Linn. (Isoeiacew.) Fresh stewis.— Compound grains, very irregular, with protruding 

 angles and short lobes; 1 to 3 times as long as broad; consisting of 2 to about 10 unequal, 

 irregularly arranged components. Length about 33n, thickness about 20,u. Separated- 

 grains irregular, usually with shai-p comers; homogeneous or with a small central hihim; 

 occasionally with short, radial fissures. Size about 17/^. Simple grains of almost round or 

 irregular shape are also present. The starch-grains in the youngest part of the stem are also 

 irregular, one margin being thickened and the opposite one broadened, thinned, and angular. 

 They are clearly either simple grains, or very delicate lines may be recognized which indicate 

 division. In somewhat older parts of the stem almost all of the grains show more or less 

 distinct lines of separation, and therefore appear to be compound, while the oklest tissues 

 contain compound grains, as well as numerous separated-grains, and also simple rounded 

 forms (perhaps separated-grains which after having fallen apart have become rounded by 

 further growth). The fissures of the innermost components are first indicated in the later 

 stages. 



Mariscus elahis Vahl. {Cyperacex.) Dry root-stock. — Compound grains consisting of 2 to 4 and 6 

 usually unequal components. Size about llju. Separated-grains, size 2 to 6^; frequently 

 with a small cavity. Simple, spherical, oval, and low-conical grains are also found. 



Cyperus phymatodes Mhlbrg.; Cyperus repcns Ell. (Cypcracem.) Dry roo<-stocfc.— Compound grains 

 consisting of 2 to 4 mostly unequal components. Size about lift. Separated-grains, size 

 2 to 8m; usually with a small cavity. Simple spherical, oval, and pear-shaped grains (resem- 

 bling those of Cyperus esculenlus) are also present. 



Abildgaardia monostachya Vahl. (Cyperacece.) Dry root-slock.— Compound grains consist of 2 to 4 

 and 6 equal and unequal components. Size about 10^. Separated-grains, size 2 to Gyu; 

 occasionally with a small cavity. Simple grains of incomplete formation. 



Carex arenaria Linn. (Cyperacece.) Dry root-stock. — Compound gi-ains consisting of 1 large almost 

 round oi- rounded-oval and 1 to 2 small components. Size of the former S/i, of the latter, 

 1.3 to 2yu. Also simple grains of incomplete formation are present. 



Carex hirta Linn. (Cyperacece.) Dry root-stock. — Grains as in the preceding. 



Triglochin barrelicri Lois. (Naiadacece.) Dry root-stock. — Compound grains consisting of 2 to 4 

 mostly unequal, rarely equal, components. Separated-gi-ains, size 4 to 28/*; the larger ones 

 have a longitudinal axis from which sometimes single, lateral fissures proceed. Simple 

 grains of incomplete formation. 



Veralrum album Linn. (Liliacece.) Dry roots. — Compound gi-ains of 2 to 4 and 5, occasionally equal, 

 more frequently unequal, components. Size about 25/u. Separated-grains almost rounded 

 or oval, \vith 1 ta 3 pressiu-e facets. Size 4 to 18/i. The larger ones have a small cavity 

 from which two short fissm-es diverge; about one-third eccentric. Simple spherical or spher- 

 ical-oval grains are observed which have instead of the hilum a small central, or aljout one- 

 half eccentric, cavity. Size about 18^. The starch-gi-ains in the root-stocks are similar to 

 the above, but smaller and usually simple. 



Bulbocodium vernum Limi. (Liliacece.) Dry tubers. — Compound grains of 2, rarely 3 and 4, compo- 

 nents, which are occasionally equal, more frequently unequal. Size about 8;u. Size of the 

 separated-grains 1.5 to 6;u. Simple grains of incomplete formation are also present. 



Gagea lutea Schult. (Liliacece.) Dry bulb. — Compound grains, of 1 large and 1 to 3 and 4 small 

 components. Separated-grains, size 4 to 30;u; the larger ones almost round, with a small 

 central cavity and radial fissures. Also simple grains of rudimentary formation are 

 found. 



Scilla viarilima Linn. (Liliacece.) Dry bidbs. — Compound grains almost round to oljlong, usually 

 irregular, consisting of 2 to 15 md 20 components which are usually either unequal, or occa- 

 sionally equal, and arranged irregularly. Size about 21fi. Separated-grains, size 2 to 11/:; 

 frequently with a small cavity. Simple, round oval, and pear-shaped grains are also present. 

 Size about 15/i. 



Narlhedum ossifraguyn Huds. (Liliacece.) Dry root-stock. — Compound grains consisting of 2 to 4 

 and 8 components which are usually unequal, or sometimes equal, and arranged irregularly. 

 Size about 10,u. Size of the separated-grains, 2 to (V- Simple grains of rudimentary structiu-e 

 are also found. 



