TYPE 15. GRAINS COMPOUND, COMPONENTS FEW AND UNEQUAL. 271 



Rumtx mariiimus Limi. {Polyyorwcew.) Dry roots. — Compound grains consisting of 2 to 1 oqu.il or 

 uiiequal components; the majority have fallen apart. Size about 14/i. Separated-grains 

 isodiamctric or oval; instead of the hilum a small cavity is observed from wliich fissures 

 frequently radiate toward the angles; occasionally with a large cavity, eccentricity about 

 one-half. Size about 10/i. Simple grains of incomplete formation. 



Aristolochia longa Lirm. (Aristolochiacece.) Dry root. — Compound grains consisting of 2 to 8 com- 

 ponents which are occasionally equal and regularly arranged, though frequently unequal 

 and of irregular arrangement. Size about 20 to 25/x. Separated-grains, size about l(j^i;0.r) 

 to 1.5 times as broad as long; lamella; none, or indistinct; instead of a hilum a small cavity 

 from which two fissures diverge towards the distal end, one-half to one-fourth eccentric; 

 very often 1 to 4 small components are attached to a large one. If two large components are 

 united, they have usually a depressed form and very frequently even an oblique form, and 

 one or several small components are then found adhering at the line of junction. 



Plantogo maritima Linn. (Plantaginacecc.) Dry root-stock. — Compound grains round, rarely oval, 

 consisting of 2 to 4 and 6 usually unequal components. Size about 10 to 14;u. Separated- 

 grains, size 3 to llfi; rarely with a small cavity. Simple grains with complete formation are 

 also found. 



Plantago media Linn. Fresh root-stuck. — Separated-grains with one curved surface and 1 to 3 pres- 

 sure facets; size 2 to 7fi; nearly all the compound grains have fallen apart. Simple grains of 

 incomplete formation are also observed. 



Diodea da^ycephala Cham. (Rubiacece.) Dry root. — Compound grains consisting of 2 to 12 compo- 

 nents which are occasionally equal, but more frequently unequal, in size. (Often 1 to 7 com- 

 ponents are attached at one end of a large grain, or 1 to 6 arc firmly fixed at the line of union 

 of two large components.) Size about 24;u. Separated-grains, size 3 to 14^; usually with a 

 small cavity from which in the larger ones delicate radial fissures diverge. 



Richardsonia scabra Linn. {Rubiacece.) Dry root. — Grains consisting of 2 to 4, rarely 0, mostly 

 unequal components (rarely 3 to 4 small components attached to one large one). Size about 

 21 to 28yu. Separated-grains, size 2 to 21^; the larger ones are oval; and rarely a small cavity 

 instead of a hilum, eccentricity about one-half. Also simple eccentric-conical grains are 

 present. 



Cephoelis ipecacuanha Rich. {Rubiacece.) Gray variety: dry root. — Compoimd grains rounded, elon- 

 gated-oval, consisting of 2 to 6 components, about one-half of the grains having them equal 

 and regulai'ly arranged (many in tetrahedrons), and the other half containing unequal and 

 irregularly arranged components. In the latter case, 1 to 4 small components frequently 

 adhere to one end of a large one, rarely with 1 to 3 small ones attached at the line of junction 

 Ix'tween two large components. Size about 14 to 16^. Separated-grains isodiametric or 

 oval, with one curved surface and 1 to 4 pressure facets; lamella) none; solid or with a small 

 cavity instead of a hilum, eccentricity about one-half. 

 Ipecacuanha root, brown species, variety 1.- — Compound grains rounded or elongated-oval, ccjnsisting 

 of 2 to 6 and 10 components which are either equal and regularly arranged or unequal and 

 irregularly arranged (in the latter case 1 to 4 small components are attached to one large 

 one, and sometimes 1 to 3 small ones at the junction between the two large components). 

 Size about 15 to 20^. Separated-grains isodiametric or oval, with one curved surface and 

 1 to 5 pressm-e facets; homogeneous, or with a few very indistinct lamellae; solid, or instead 

 of a hilum a small cavity is observed from which very short radial fissures occasionally diverge; 

 eccentricity about one-third. 

 Ipecacuanha root, brown species, variety 2. — Compound grains spherical or round-oval, rarely oval, 

 consisting of 2 to 12, seldom up to 30, components which are usually equal and regularly 

 arranged (quadrangular, tetrahedrons, hexahedrons, and octahedrons). Size about 23^1. 

 Separated-grains isodiametric, usually with 1 curved surface and 1 to 6 pressure facets; 

 lamellae none; generally with a small central cavity and several short radial fissures. Size 

 4 to 12m. 



Carum bulbocastanum Koch.; Buniinn bulhocastanum Linn. {Umbelliferm.) Dry tubers. — Compound 

 grains consisting of 2 to 4 and 6 components which are usually unequal, though rarely equal. 

 Size about 28^1. Separated-grains, size 3 to 20/x; instead of the hilum a small cavity is found 

 in the larger ones from which fissures radiate, eccentricity about one-half and one-third. 



