278 DIPFERENTIATrON AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



Cinna arundinacea Linn. {Graminacecc.) Dry endosperm. — Comijound grains si^herical or oval, 

 frequently somewhat angular, consisting of numerous components, most of them fallen apart ; 

 size about '20/li. Separated-grains rounded-angular to polyhedral ; the larger ones have a cavity ; 

 size 2 to 5 and 7/x. 



Echinopogon ovatus Beauv. {Graniinaceoe.) Dry endosperm. — Compound grains round, oval, or low 

 cone-shaped, more or less angular as a result of pressure, delicately reticulated; size about 

 20^1. Separated-grains rounded-angular to polyhedral; i5ize 1 to 4/i. 



Lagurus ovatus Linn. {Graminacece.) Dry endosperm. — Compound grains round or oval, homogen- 

 eous 01- finely granulated, consisting of 10 to over GOOO components; size about 20/^. Sep- 

 arated-grains round or somewhat angular; size 1 to 3;u. 



Polypogon monspeliensis Desf . {Graminacece.) Dry endosperm. — Compound grains oval, rarely round, 

 one-half to almost as thick as long; finely granulated, frequently almost homogeneous,consisting 

 of 30 to 1 000 components ; size about 1 Sfi, angular. Separated-grains are also present ; size L 5 to 4 ju . 



Chwiurus fasciculatus Link. {Graminacece.) Dry endosperm. — Separated-grains round or rounded- 

 angular; size 1 to 3ju. Compound grains have all fallen apart. 



Gastridium australe Beauv., var. muticum Spreng. {Graminacece.) Dry endosperm. — Separated- 

 grains polyhedral, usually with sharp angles and borders, with a cavity; size 3 to 12^. Com- 

 pound grains nearly all have fallen apart; those remaining are more or less angular or even 

 exactly polyhedral as a result of pressure; size about 23ai or more. 



Perotis latifolia Ait. {Graminacece.) Dry endosperm. — Separated-grains, size 2 to 8;^; the smaller ones 

 rounded-angular, the larger ones polyhedral, usually with a larger or a small cavity. The cells 

 are crowded with separated-grains, while no compound grains could be positivelj^ distinguished. 



Chamagrosiis minima Borckh.; Sturmia minima Hoppe. {Graminacece.) Dry endosperm. — Compound 

 grains round or oval, tlu-ee-fifths to as long as broad, usually finely reticulated, consisting of 

 8 to 500 components; size about 33^. Separated-gi-ains usually polyhedral, without a cavity; 

 size 2 to 8 and 9^. 



Calamagrostis sylvatica DC. {Graminacece.) Dry endosperm. — Compound grains rounded or oval 

 consisting of 2 to more than 300 components, which when few in number are often unequal; 

 size about 48^. Separated-grains usually polyhedral; the larger ones with a central cavity; 

 size 2 to 9^1. 



Calamagrostis willdenowii Trin.; Deyeuxia retrofracta Kunth. {Graminacece.) Dry endosperm. — 

 Compound grains spherical or oval, consisting of numerous components; size about lO/x. 

 Separated-gi'ains angular or rounded-angular; size L5 to ifi. 



Ammophila arenaria Link.; Calamagrostis arenaria Roth. {Graminacece.) Dry endosperm. — Com- 

 pound grains spherical to elongated-oval, two-fifths to as thick as long, reticulated-gran- 

 ular; size about 50/n. Separated-grains rounded-angular or polyhedral; size 1 to 4;u. 



Arundo mauritanica Desf. {Graminacece.) Dry endosperm. — Separated-grains size 2.5 to 8/u, polj'hedral, 

 the larger ones usually with a small angular cavity. A few intact compound grains are present, 

 rounded-oval, frequently angular, or even polyhedral, consisting of numerous components. 



Phragmites cummunis Trin. {Graminacece.) Dry endosperm. — Separated-grains rounded or roimded- 

 ang-ular; the lai'ger ones rarely with a distinct cavity; size 0.7 to 2.5/i. Only a few compound 

 grains are present; small, romided, granular. 



Gynerium cinereum Hmnb. {Graminacece.) Dry endosperm. — Compovmd grains spherical to elon- 

 gated-oval, frequently slightly angular, reticulated-granular; size about 23^. Separated- 

 grains, size 2.5 to 8m; the smaller ones rounded-angular, the larger ones polyhedral with 

 sharp borders and angles, frequently with a small cavity. 



Gynerium argenteum Nees. {Graminacece.) Dry endosperm. — Separated-grains size 1 to 4^. rounded- 

 angular to polyhedral. Only a few compound grains could be positively distinguished. 

 Besides the starch, much oil and protoplasm are found in the cells. 



Pappophorum schimperianum Hochst., var. persicum. {Graminacew.) Dry endosperm. — Compound 

 grains sphei-ical or oval (not at all angidar), consisting of 2 to over 100 com])onents; size 

 about 25 and SO/n. Separated-grains jjolyhetlral, usually with a small central cavity, and 

 sometimes also ^vith single delicate radial fissm-es; size 3 to 10, rai-ely 12^. The isolated 

 simple grains, size about 16^; the smaller ones spherical or rounded-oval, the larger ones 

 circular or roundetl-oval and compressetl to alwut half their width. The starch-gi'ains which 

 are embedded in jirotoplasm ai'e not closely packed in the cells. 



