286 DIFFERENTIATION AND SPECIFICITY OF STARCHES. 



Restio ferrwjinosus Link. (Restiaceoc.) Dry endosperm.. — Compound grains spherical to elongated-oval, 

 many somewhat angnhir as a result of pressure, reticulate, containing about 1000 comjionents. 

 Size al)Out 30yu. Separated-grains polyhedral; size 2 to lix; the larger ones frequently have a 

 small cavity and several delicate radial fissures. 



Anarthria prolifera 11. Br. {Restiacece.) Dry endospa-m. — Separated-grains polyhedral, sometimes 

 with a verj'^ small cavity and delicate radial fissures. Size 1.5 to 7fi. Very few free compound 

 grains are observed, though they are frequently distinctly perceived in the cells; almost round 

 or oval, by means of ])ressm-e more or less polyhedral; size about 20/it. The whole cell lumen 

 sometimes appears to be cuneiform filled with separated-grains. 



Pccpalanthus caidescens Kunth. {Eriocaulaccw.) Dry endosperm. — Compound grains almost round 

 to elongated-oval, frequently polyhedral, reticulated-granular, or almost homogeneous, con- 

 sisting of about 1000 components. Size 15 to 22yu. Separated-grains polyhedral, the larger 

 ones with a central cavity. Size 1.5 to 8n. 



Pccpalanthus frigidus INIart. (Eriocatdacew.) Dry endosperm. — Starch as in the preceding species. 

 Compound grains containing over 1000 components. Size about 25 to 30^. Separated- 

 grains, size 2 to 10^. 



Xyris operculata Labill. [Xyridacew.) Dry endosperm. — Compound grains spherical or oval, usually 

 more or less polyhecbal by reason of pressure, reticulate, containing over 300 components. 

 Size about 30/:*. Separated-grains polyhedral; the larger ones sometimes have a small central 

 cavity, and also single delicate radial fissures. Size 2.5 to 10 and 12;u. 



Xyris semifuscata. {Xyridacece.) Dry endosperm. — Starch as in the preceding. Compound grains 

 spherical \a elongated-conical; containing 400 or more components. Size .about 35^. Size 

 of the separated-grains 2 to 8 and 10/^. 



Mayaca vandelUi Schott and Endl. (Xyridacece.) Dry endosperm. — Separatetl-grains, roimded-angular 

 to acute polj'hedral ; many have a verj' small central cavity and single delicate radial fissures. 

 Size 2 to 8 and 10^. The endosperm cells are entirely filled wth these polyhedral grains; 

 only indistinct groups may be recognized within these cells, which probably correspond to 

 compound grains. 



Mayaca michauxii Schott and Endl. (Xyridacew.) Dry endosperm. — Starch as in the preceding. Sepa- 

 rated-grains polyhedral, usually with a small or large cavity and radial fissures. Size 2.5 to 12;i. 



Arum orientale Biebrst. (Aroidew.) Dry endosperm. — Compound grains rounded or oval, three- 

 fifths to as thick as long, consisting of 4 to 1400 components. I^ength aliout 36 and 48/u, 

 thickness about 30^1. Separated-grains polyhedral, usuallj' with acute margins, edges and 

 angles; the larger ones have a central cavity and a few short radial fissures. Size 2 to llju. 



Zantedcschia o'thiopica Sjireng. ; Richardia cethiopica Kunth. (Aroklea-.) Dry endosperm. — Compound 

 grains spherical to elongated-oval and conical, consisting of 2 to over 400 components. Size 

 about 28/u. Separated-grains polyhedral, frequently with a small cavity. Size 2 to 8 and 

 12^. Simple isolated rounded or elongated-oval grains are also i)resent. 



Typha tenuifolia Humb. Bonp. (Typhacew.) Dry endosperm.— Compound grains rounded to oblong- 

 oval, frequently somewhat angular or irregular, reticulated-granular. Size about 15;li. Sep- 

 arated-grains more or less polyhedral. Size 2 to 5yu. Poor in starch. 



Piper nigrum Linn. (Piperacem.) Dry endosperm. — Compound grains spherical or oval, frequently 

 polyhedral as result of pressiu'e, reticulated-granular, containing over 4000 components. 

 Size about 33;:. Separated-grains rounded to polyhedral. Size 1 to 4|L[. 



Piper cubeba Linn. fil. (Piperacecc.) Dry endosperm. — Compound grains spherical or oval, fre- 

 quently by means of pressure polyhedral, reticulate, or with distinct lines of separation, 

 containing over 600 components (most of them have fallen apart). Size about 32;u. Sepa- 

 rated-grains polyhedral, rarely with a small central cavity. Size 3 to lOju. The endosperm 

 cells of Piper nigrum and cubeba are closely packed \vith starch. When making sections, a 

 few compound grains fall out along with numerous sep.arated-grains. The compound gi-ains 

 are a little larger and not so crowded in the innermost less compact tissues of the seed; 

 they are packed in the more external dense tissue, the divisions between the compound 

 grains frequently being indistinctly observed, while in the outermost cells the compound 

 grains consisting of coalesced components form a continuous uniform mass having a reticu- 

 lated or parenchymatous appearance (with dense septa and apparently hollow alveoh) as 

 in Amomum, Commelina, etc. (See type 12.) 



