398 STARCHES OF LEGUMINOS^. 



are gelatinized, the solution and the gelatinized grains color deeply on the addition of iodine. After 

 boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors very deeply, but the grain-residues not at all, with iodine. 

 If an excess is added all of the capsules color violet. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian violet the grains when viewed in masses show a very slight 

 tint of violet at once, but there is scarcely anj' change after remaining in the solution for 30 min- 

 utes. The color is the same as in L. odoratus var. shahzada. 



With safranin the grains when viewed in masses show a very slight tint of red at once, but 

 after remaining in the solution for 30 minutes there is scarcely any change. The color is the same 

 as in the grains of L. odoratus var. shahzada. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatinization is 57° to 59° C, mean 58°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — ^With chloral hydrate-iodine the grains begin to react at once. A 

 few are gelatinized in 30 seconds, about three-fourths in 5 minutes, seven-eighths in 10 minutes, 

 nine-tenths in 15 minutes, and all but rare resistant grains in 30 minutes. The ungelatinized grains 

 have the same peculiar color as the ungelatinized grains observed in this reaction in L. odoratus var. 

 shahzada. Protuberances are formed at one or more points on the margin during gelatinization, 

 so that the outline of the gelatinized grain is scalloped. The process is qualitatively the same as 

 in L. odoratus var. shahzada. 



The reaction with chromic acid begins in 20 seconds. Many are dissolved in 30 seconds and 

 all in 2 minutes. During solution the outlines of the majority are distorted, while in those which 

 resist solution longest it is regular. The process is qualitatively the same as in L. odoratus var. 

 shahzada. 



The reaction with pyrogallic acid begins at once. A few grains are gelatinized in 30 seconds, 

 the majority in a minute, and all in 1% minutes. The gelatinized grain is rather more irregular in 

 outline than in L. odoratus var. shahzada, but the reaction is qualitatively essentially the same. 



With ferric chloride the grains begin to react in 30 seconds. Several are gelatinized in 2 minutes, 

 one-third in 5 minutes, nine-tenths in 30 minutes, and all, with the exception of about 1 in 500, 

 in an hour. The lamelljE are not so distinct as in L. odoratus var. sliahzada. The swelling usu- 

 ally begins at one point, but is almost instantly followed by reaction in several others, until the 

 entire margin is involved. The reaction is qualitatively essentially the same as in L. odoratus 

 var. shahzada. 



Reaction with Purdy's solution begins at once. A few are gelatinized in a minute, the majority 

 in 10 minutes, and all in 30 minutes, with the exception of a few scattered grains, possibly 1 in 300, 

 in which the reaction is not complete. The reaction is qualitatively essentially the same as in L. 

 odoratus var. shahzada. The bodies of crystalline appearance, which are arranged in rows during 

 gelatinization of the lamellae, are not usually observed, and the gelatinized grain is more irregular 

 in shape and gelatinization proceeds farther than in L. odoratus var. shahzada. 



STARCH OF LATHYRUS LATIFOLIUS VAR. ALBUS. (Plate 8, figs. 43 and 44. Chart 43.) 



Histological Characteristics. — Inform the grains are simple and isolated, often widely and deeply 

 fissured, the surface commonly much wrinkled. A central non-lamellated area is sometimes marked 

 from the rest of the grain by circular or semicircular fissuration. Many of the grains show a long, 

 mesial, wide, clean-cut or ragged fissure. A number of rather fine but irregular fissures often extend 

 from this in various directions. In some grains there are disseminated fissures. The outlines of 

 the grains are usually somewhat irregular. The conspicuous forms are the ovoici, oval, ellipsoidal, 

 and round to nearly round. There are also many irregularly elliptical, quadrilateral, pyriform, 

 reniform or bean-shaped, and many irregular forms. 



A central hilum is faintly visible in a few of the round grains, but generally the hila are obscured 

 or destroyed by Assuring. 



The lamella are fairly distinct, rather coarse, continuous bands which follow quite regularly 

 the outline of the grain. They are often made discontinuous by the fissures. There are about 

 10 on the larger grains. 



The grains vary in size from the smaller, which are 4 by i/x, to the larger, which are 36 by 28p 

 in length and breadth. The common size is 23 by 20;u in length and breadth. 



Polariscopic Properties. — The figure is centric or slightly eccentric, distinct, l)ut usually not 

 clear-cut. It is often difficult to distinguish the lines composing the figure from those of the fissures. 

 In the rounded forms the figure is in the form of a cross with a large dark area at the point of inter- 



