478 



STARCHES OF LILIACE^. 



Chart No. 99. 



IGV T 

 S 



PS CI PA 

 ~ POPS 



Lilium. During gelatinization a brilliantly refractive lamella is frequently noted at about half the 

 distance between the hilum and distal margin. The process is qualitatively the same as in the 

 grains of L. candidum. 



STARCH OF LILIUM LONGIFLORUM VAR. EXIMIUM. (Plate 20, figs. 119 and 120. Chart 99.) 



Histological Characteristics. — Inform the grains are simple; and except a few aggregates, chiefly 

 doublets and triplets, they are isolated and rarely have pressure facets. The outline is usually fairly 

 regular, but sometimes irregular, owing to rounded elevations and depressions in the surface of the 

 grains and, occasionally, long, finger-like, rounded projections from the proximal end. Some grains 

 have the appearance of having had one side of the distal end cut off in a slanting direction. The 

 most conspicuous forms are the narrow and the broadened 

 triangular with rounded base and angles, pyriform, elon- 

 gated ovoid, and clam-shell-shaped to nearly round. There 

 are also bottle-shaped, narrow elliptical often with one side 

 bulging more than the other, quadrilateral, and a few 

 mussel-shell-shaped. 



The hilum is a rather indistinct, small, round, eccen- 

 tric spot, its eccentricity nearly one-sixth to one-seventh, 

 usually about one-sixth, of the longitudinal axis of the 

 grains. The hilum is frequently fissured, the fissure being 

 a small, narrow, straight, clean-cut transverse line, from 

 which often two refractive lines proceed on each side out- 

 ward and somewhat towards the distal end. 



The lamellae are fairly distinct, fine, regular circles, 

 or ellipses, or segments of circles. They are continuous 

 near the hilum, but appear discontinuous at the equator 

 and at the distal end of the grain. They vary somewhat 

 in different grains, and are not so fine but more distinct 

 near the distal end than near the hilum. There are about 

 36 to 38 lamellae on the larger grains. 



The grains vary in size from the smaller, which are 5 by 5n, to the larger, elongated forms, 

 which are 72 by 44/*, and the large, broadened forms, which are 70 by 6Qn in length and breadth. 

 The common size is 46 by 24^. 



Polariscopic Properties. — The figure is eccentric, distinct, but not clear-cut. The lines of the 

 figure are very broad, especially near the margin, and are not clearly defined. They are sometimes 

 bisected, but occasionally bent, thus causing the figure to appear distorted, and they may be placed 

 at varying angles to one another. 



The degree of polarization is high, and higher when the grain is viewed on end or edge than on 

 the flat. It varies somewhat in different grains, and is not so high as in L, candidum. 



With selenile the quadrants are not very well defined, fairly regular in shape, and unequal in 

 size. The colors are not pure. 



Iodine Reactions. — -With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains all color a deep blue-violet; 

 with 0.125 per cent solution they color fairly deeply and the colors deepen rapidlj^ It is not quite 

 80 deep as that of the grains of L. candidum. After heating in water until all the grains are completely 

 gelatinized, the solution colors deeply and the swollen grains very deeply on the addition of iodine. 

 After boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors very deeply and the grain-residues generally not at 

 all or but lightly. The capsules are colored a red-violet with an excess of iodine. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian violet the grains stain very faintly at once. After remaining 

 in solution for 30 minutes they are rather lightly stained. The depth of color is the same as that 

 of L. candidum. 



With safranin the grains stain very faintly at once. After remaining in this Solution for 30 

 minutes they still stain very lightly. The color is less than that of L. candidum. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatinization is 65° to 66.2° C, mean 65.6°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — With chloral hydrate-iodine the grains begin to react at once and 

 all are gelatinized in 10 minutes. Protuberances appear first at the proximal end. The dark ring 

 at the hilum described in L. candidum is more frequently observed than in that grain, but the 

 process is qualitatively the same. 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch of Lilium 

 longiflorum var. eximium. 



