480 STARCHES OF LILIACE^. 



With seUnite the quadrants are not well defined and are much broken up by the subdivisions 

 of the lines of the interference figure. They are very irregular in shape and unequal in size. The 

 colors are usually not pure, especially the yellow. 



Iodine Reactions. — With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains all color a deep blue-violet; 

 with 0.125 per cent solution they color fairly deeply, and the color deepens rapidly. It is not so 

 deep as that of the grains of L. candidum. After heating in water until all the grains are completely 

 gelatinized the solution colors deeply and the swollen grains very deeply on the addition of iodine. 

 After boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors very deeply, but most of the grain-residues not at all, 

 and a few very lightly. The capsules all color a red-violet with an excess of iodine. 



Staining Reactions. — ^With gentian violet the grains begin to stain at once and after remaining 

 in the solution for 30 minutes they are fairly well stained, rather deeper than the grains of L. candidum. 



With safranin the grains immediately begin to stain lightly, and after remaining in the solution 

 for 30 minutes they are still slightly stained, not quite so much as the grains of L. candidum. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatinization is 52° to 53.2° C, mean 52.6°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — With chloral hydrate-iodine the grains begin to react at once. A 

 few are gelatinized in 1 minute, a majority in 3 minutes, and all in 5 minutes. A dark ring is usually 

 found at the hilum and gelatinous projections are first formed at the distal end. The reaction is 

 quaUtatively the same as in the grains of L. candidum. 



The grains begin to react at once with chromic acid and are dissolved in 15 seconds. Bubbles 

 appear at the hilum. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in L. candidum. 



With pyrogallic add the grains begin to react at once and are completely gelatinized in 20 

 seconds. There is usually a bubble at the hilum, the proximal end is invaginated during the reac- 

 tion, and the pathway of gelatinization is more or less twisted, instead of straight, as in L. candidum. 

 The gelatinized grains are rather more convoluted at the distal end and more flattened at the prox- 

 imal end than in L. candidum. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in the latter. 



Reaction with ferric chloride begins in 30 seconds. A few grains are gelatinized in a minute, the 

 majority in 3 minutes, and all in 14 minutes. The distal margin appears ragged, with many deep 

 fissures passing through the striated border of the central mass. A flowing gelatinization movement 

 takes place through these fissures. Sometimes this movement occurs almost coincidently at both ends, 

 or at the proximal end to the corners limiting the distal margin. The outlines of the gelatinized 

 grain are more regular than those of L. candidum. A bubble or deep fissure is usually present at 

 the hilum. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in L. candidum. 



The grains begin to react at once with Purdy's solution. Many are gelatinized in 15 seconds 

 and all in 20 seconds. Bubbles generally appear at the hilum. The gelatinized grain is similar 

 in form to that of L. candidum, but a larger number are rounded at the proximal end. The reaction 

 is quahtatively the same as that of the grains in L. candidum. 



STARCH OF LILIUM RUBELLUM. (Plate 21, figs. 123 and 124. Chart 101.) 



Histological Characteristics. — In form the grains are simple and are isolated except for a few 

 doublets and other small aggregates. Pressure facets are rare. The grains are somewhat irregular 

 in outline at times, owing in part to unequal development, causing the surface to be somewhat 

 elevated and depressed; and in part, although rarely, to lamellated additions to the sides. These 

 additions are usually broad, and do not extend far out from the body of the grain. Many grains 

 appear to have one side underdeveloped at the distal end, so that this end is oblique. The conspic- 

 uous forms are the elliptical with a broadened and sometimes flattened distal end, pyriform, and nar- 

 row and broad triangles with curved base and rounded angles; also ovoid, bottle-shaped, irregularly 

 quadrilateral, and a few clam-shell-shaped and broadly lenticular forms. The smaller gi-ains, of 

 which there is a fair number, are round, nearly round, or elliptical. 



The hilum is usually a distinct, small, and round or oval cavity, with a range of eccentricity 

 from one-fifth to one-seventh, in most grains one-sixth of the longitudinal axis. It is sometimes 

 marked by a short, narrow, clean-cut, and transverse fissure. PYom each side of the fissure or cavity 

 two lines often extend outward and towards the distal end. 



The lamellce are usually distinct, rather fine, commonly regular circles, or ellipses, or arcs of 

 circles, etc.; not so fine, but more distinct near the distal end than near the hilum, and in many 

 grains fairly coarse near the distal end. A few grains have two sets, the axis of one forming an angle 

 with the axis of the other. There are from 26 to 30 on the larger grains. 



