GENtrS LIUUM, 



481 



CI PA CA 

 PC PS 



The grains vary in size from the smaller, which are 4 by 4yu, to the larger, narrow, elongated 

 forms, which are 64 by 48/ii, and the broader forms, which are 60 by 58/i in length and breadth. 

 The common size is 38 by 24/i. 



Polariscopic Properties. — The figure is eccentric, distinct, but not clear-cut. Its lines are often 

 bisected or further subdivided into three or more small lines for at least a part of their length. They 

 are also often bent or otherwise distorted, variable in width, and sometimes placed at varying angles. 



The degree of polarization is high, varying somewhat in different grains and in different aspects 

 of the same grain; highest when the grain is viewed on end or edge. It is less than that of the grains 

 of L. candidum. 



With selenite the quadrants are not well defined, very irregular in shape, and unequal in size; 

 colors usually not pure, the yellow having an admixture of red. 



Iodine Reactions. — With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains all color a deep blue-violet; 

 with 0.125 per cent solution they color fairly deeply and the color deepens rapidly. It is less than 

 that of the grains of L. candidum. After heating in water 

 until all the grains are completely gelatinized, the solution 

 colors deeply and the swollen grains very deeply on the 

 addition of iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes, the solu- 

 tion colors very deeply, but most of the grain-residues 

 do not color at all, and others only lightly. The capsules 

 color a red-violet with an excess of iodine. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian triolet the grains 

 begin to stain at once, but there is very little change 

 after they have remained in the solution for 30 minutes. 

 They are very lightly stained, less than the grains of L. 

 candidum. 



With safranin the grains begin to stain at once, 

 though very lightly, and there is practically no change 

 after being in the solution for 30 minutes. They do not 

 stain so much as the grains of L. candidum. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatini- 

 zation is 60.8° to 61.1° C, mean 60.95°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — With chloral hydrate- 

 iodine the grains begin to react at once. A few are gelati- 

 nized in 2 minutes, the majority in 5 minutes, and all in 10 minutes. A protuberance appears more 

 frequently first at the proximal end, and often later at the distal end or corners limiting the distal 

 margin. The gelatinized grain is somewhat more irregular in outline than that of L. candidum, but 

 the reaction is qualitatively the same. 



Reaction with chromic acid begins at once. Many are dissolved in 20 seconds and all in 30 

 seconds. A bubble is occasionally formed at the hilum. The reaction is qualitatively the same 

 as that of the grains of L. candidum. 



With pyrogallic acid the grains begin to react at once and all are gelatinized in 25 seconds. A 

 bubl)le frequently appears at the proximal end. More of the gelatinized grains are rounded at the 

 proximal end than in L. candidum, and there is a greater variation in shape in some of the pointed 

 forms having a central channel, and which appear rather more frequently than among the gelat- 

 inized grains of L. candidum. 



The grains begin to react in a minute with ferric chloride. A few are gelatinized in 3 minutes, 

 the majority in 7 minutes, and all in 16 minutes. The reaction is qualitatively the same as that 

 of the grains of L. candidum. 



Reaction with Purdy's solution begins at once and all the grains are gelatinized in 20 seconds. A 

 bubble usually appears at the proximal end. The gelatinized grains vary much in form. More of 

 them are rounded at the proximal end than in L. candidum, but the process is qualitatively the same. 



Curve of Reaction- In tens! ties of Starch of Lilium 

 rubeUum. 



STARCH OP LILIUM PHILADELPHICUM. (Plate 21, figs. 125 and 126. Chart 102.) 



Histological Characteristics. — In form the grains are simple, isolated, and without pressure 

 facets. They show inequalities in the surface in the form of elevations and depressions; there are 

 long, slender, and rounded projections from the proximal end; and particularly large, lamellated 



