490 



STARCHES OF LILIACE^. 



QartNo. 108. 



The lamella are indistinct, fine, regular circles or ellipses, or arcs of circles, usually not so coarse 

 but more distinct near the distal end than near the hilum. There may be one or two sets of secondary 

 lamellae whose longitudinal axes form angles with that of the main part of the grain. On account 

 of their indistinctness the number was not determined. 



The grains vary in size; the smaller are 7 by 7/*; the larger, elongated forms are 60 by 40/u; 

 the larger, broad forms are 44 by 60^ in length and breadth. The common size is 34 by ISyu. 



Polariscopic Properties. — The figure is eccentric, distinct, but not clear-cut. Its lines are rarely 

 clearly defined and are often bisected or even further divided. They are also often bent and 

 placed at varying angles, and sometimes are joined to one another by a distinct or hazy line that 

 runs parallel to the direction of the lamellse at about 

 one-third to one-foiu-th of the distance from the hilum 

 to the distal end. 



The degree of polarization, as a rule, is fairly high, 

 varying from high to low and also in different aspects of 

 the grain, being highest when the grain is viewed on 

 end or edge. It is not so high as that of the grains of 

 L. candidum. 



With selenite the quadrants are not well defined, are 

 irregular in shape, and unequal in size. The colors are 

 usually not pure. 



Iodine Reactions. — With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solu- 

 tion the grains color a deep blue-violet; with 0.125 per 

 cent solution they color fairly deeply and the color 

 deepens rapidly. It is deeper than that of the grains 

 of L. candidum. After heating in water until all the 

 grains are completely gelatinized, the solution colors 

 deeply and the gelatinized grains fairly deeply on the 

 addition of iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes the 

 solution colors very deeply, but most of the grain- 

 residue not at all or very lightly. The capsules are colored a red-violet with an excess of iodine. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian violet and with safranin the grains begin to stain at once. 

 After remaining in the solution for 30 minutes they are lightly stained, the color being less than 

 that of the grains of L. candidum. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatinization is 60.8° to 62.4° C, mean 61.6°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — With chloral hydrate-iodine the grains begin to react at once. A 

 few are gelatinized in a minute, the majority in 5 minutes, and all in 10 minutes. A dark ring 

 frequently forms at the hilum. A protuberance often appears first at the proximal end, but 

 sometimes first at the distal end, or at both ends simultaneously. The outline of the gelatin- 

 ized grain is more irregular than that of the grains of L. candidum, but the reaction is qualitatively 

 the same. 



With chromic acid the grains begin to react at once. Many are dissolved in 20 seconds and 

 all in 25 seconds. Bubbles usually appear at the proximal end. The reaction is qualitatively the 

 same as in the grains of L. candidum. 



Reaction with pyrogallic acid begins at once and all the grains are gelatinized in 35 seconds. 

 A bubble usually appears at the hilum. The gelatinized grain is usually rounded at the proximal 

 end, and in many grains this end does not elongate so much as in L. candidum, and the swelling 

 extends more in the transverse than in the longitudinal axis. There are usually refractive granules 

 in the gelatinized mass and lamellar layers; and sometimes the lateral margin forms a sharp, serrated 

 lining at the distal end of the grain, which later becomes an amorphous mass. The reaction is 

 qualitatively the same as in the grains of L. candidum. 



The grains begin to react with ferric chloride in 30 seconds, a striated border appearing and a 

 dark spot at the hilum. The flowing gelatinization movement begins in a minute, usually at the 

 proximal end, rarely coincidently at both ends. A few grains are gelatinized in 2 minutes, the 

 majority in 4 minutes, and all in 10 minutes. Bubbles frequently appear at the hilum, and there is 

 an invagination of the proximal end during the reaction. The reaction is qualitatively the same 

 as in the grains of L. candidum. 



