492 



STARCHES OF UTAACV.M. 



aartNo. 110. 



With chromic acid the grains begin to react at once. Many are completely dissolved in 20 sec- 

 onds and all in 40 seconds. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in the grains of L. candidum. 



The grains begin to react at once with pyrogallic acid. Many are gelatinized in 20 seconds 

 and all in 30 seconds. A bubble usually appears at the hilum. The outline of the gelatinized grain 

 is more rounded at the proximal end than in L. candidum and is more varied in shape and size. 

 The reaction is qualitatively the same as in the grains of L. candidum. 



Reaction with ferric chloride begins at once. A few grains are gelatinized in 2 minutes, the 

 majority in 10 minutes, and all in 17 minutes. A flowing gelatinization movement starts in a few 

 seconds from both ends simultaneously, or a movement from one end may slightly precede that 

 from the other. There is usually a bubble formed at the hilum. Less of the ungelatinized starch 

 remains at the distal end of the gelatinized grain than in L. candidum, but the reaction is quali- 

 tatively the same. 



The grains begin to react at once with Purdy's solution. Many are gelatinized in 15 seconds 

 and all in 25 seconds. A bubble usually appears at the hilum. The proximal end of the gelatinized 

 grain is more rounded and there is less ungelatinized starch remaining at the distal end than in L. 

 candidum. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in the latter. 



STARCH OF LILIUM PARDALINUM. (Plate 24, figs. 141 and 142. Chart 110.) 



Histological Characteristics. — In form the grains are simple and generally isolated. There 

 are no pressure facets. The surfaces are somewhat irregular, owing chiefly to inequalities causing 

 many elevations, which may be smooth, knobby, or ridged; or to depressions in the surface, espe- 

 cially near the distal end. The conspicuous forms are py- 

 riform, triangular with curved base and rounded angles, 

 elUptical with or without a broadened distal end, clam- 

 shell-shaped, and rod-shaped, which may be straight or 

 bent; also irregularly quadrilateral, mussel-shell-shaped, 

 and ovoid. The not very numerous small grains are usu- 

 ally oval or nearly round. 



The hilum is sometimes a distinct, small round spot, 

 with a range of eccentricity of from one-fifth to one-tenth, 

 usually one-seventh, of the longitudinal axis. The hilum 

 is often fissured, and there may be a narrow, clean-cut 

 transverse or diagonal fissure; or two clean-cut fissures 

 forming a cross, or a central cavity with several fissures 

 proceeding from it. 



The lamellce are fairly distinct and usually fine. A 

 few near the distal end are not so fine as the rest, and 

 sometimes one fairly near the hilum and one near the 

 equator appear to separate the finer lamellae into three 

 groups of varying breadth. The lamellae are circles, 

 ellipses, or arcs of circles, and frequently those near the 



margin may be seen to be continuous around the grains. They are generally fairly regular, but 

 sometimes show waviness. There are 30 to 35 on the larger grains. 



The grains vary in size. The smaller are 10 by Sju; the larger broad forms are 80 by 88ju, and 

 the larger elongated forms are 80 by 46/t in length and breadth. The common size is 44 by 40m. 



Polariscopic Properties. — The figure is eccentric, distinct, but not clearly defined; its lines are 

 often bisected, and further divided into three or more lines for at least a part of their length. 

 At times there is a more or less distinct line running parallel with the lamellae and located at about 

 one-third the distance from the hilum to the distal end. This line connects other lines of the figure. 

 The normal lines are also often bent, variable in width, and placed at varying angles to one another. 



The degree of polarization is fairly high to high, varying in different aspects ami the same 

 aspect of the same grain. There is sometimes an area of low polarization extending from the hilum 

 to about one-third the distance to the distal end. Polarization is not so high as that of the grains 

 of L. candidum. 



With selenite the quadrants are not sharply defined, and they are irregular in shape and very unequal 

 in size. The colors are usually not pure, the yellow especially being very much intermixed with red. 



Curve of Reaction- Intensities of Starch of Lilium 

 pardalinum. 



