494 



STARCHES OP LILIACEiE. 



The degree of polarization is fairly high to high, varying in different aspects of the same grain, 

 being highest when the grain is viewed on end or edge. It is not so high as that of the grains of 

 L. candidum. 



With selenite the quadrants are usually not well defined, are irregular in shape, and unequal 

 in size. The colors are usually not pure, especially the yellow. 



Iodine Reactions. — ^With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains all color a deep blue-violet; 

 with 0.125 per cent solution they color fairly deeply and the color deepens rapidly. It is the same 

 as that of the grains of L. candidum. After heating in water until all the grains are completely 

 gelatinized, the solution colors deeply and the swollen grains very deeply on the addition of iodine. 

 After boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors very deeply, but most of the grain-residues not at 

 all, or only lightly. The capsules all color a red-violet 

 with an excess of iodine. 



Staining Reaction. — With gentian violet the grains 

 begin to stain at once and after remaining in the solution 

 for 30 minutes they are lightly stained, although slightly 

 more than the grains of L. candidum. 



With safranin the grains begin to stain at once 

 and after remaining in the solution for 30 minutes they 

 are only Ughtly stained, the same as in the grains of L. 

 candidum. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatini- 

 zation is 62.1° to 62.2° C, mean 62.15°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — With chloral hydrate- 

 iodine the grains begin to react at once. A few are gelatin- 

 ized in 1 minute, the majority in 5 minutes, and all in 15 

 minutes. The dark ring at the hilum, heretofore noted, 

 is seldom found. Protuberances usually appear first at 

 the distal end of the elongated forms and at the corners 

 limiting the distal margin of the broadly triangular grains. 

 The outline of the gelatinized grain is very irregular and 

 often much sacculated. The reaction is qualitatively the same as the grains observed in L. candidum. 



The reaction with chromic add begins at once and the grains are dissolved in 30 seconds. A 

 bubble was not observed at the hilum. The reaction is qualitatively the same as that noted for 

 L. candidum. 



With pyrogallic add the grains begin to react at once and all are gelatinized in a minute. The 

 outline of the gelatinized grain is very irregular. In other respects the reaction is the same as that 

 observed in L. candidum. 



With ferric chloride the grains begin to react at once. A few are gelatinized in 3 minutes, the 

 majority in 5 minutes, and all in 16 minutes. The reaction is the same as that observed in L. can- 

 didum, but gelatinization starts simultaneously at both ends in many grains, while others are first 

 attacked at the distal margin. A rather larger proportion appears to react first at the proximal 

 end than in L. candidum. 



Reaction with Purdy's solution begins at once, and all the grains are gelatinized in 30 seconds. 

 The reaction is the same as that noted under L. candidum. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Ldlium. 



HiSTOLoaicAL Chakactbristics. 

 Conspicuous Forms. 



L. candidum: Simple, few pressure facets, usually regular. 

 ElonKftted ovoid, oval, elliptical with a flattened 

 distal end, and triangular with rounded base and 

 angles. 



L. longiflorum var. giganleum: Same as in L. candidum, 

 except no pressure facets, and more triangular and 

 clam-shell-shaped forms, fewer ovoid. 



L. longiflorum var. exindum: Same as in L. candidum, ex- 

 cept more triangular pyriform and clam-shell- 

 shaped to nearly round, fewer ovoid and elliptical. 



HisTOLoaiCAL Characteristics. — Continued. 

 Conspicuous Forms. — Continued. 



L. parryi: Same as in L. candidum, except more irregular 

 and more rod-shaped, pyriform, and bottle- 

 shaped grains, and fewer ovoid. 



L. rubellum: Same as in L. candidum, except more irreg- 

 ular, fewer ovoid, and more pyriform grains. 



L. philadelphicum: Same as in L. candidum, except no 

 pressure facets, more irregular, elliptical forms 

 have both ends rounded and blunt, and there are 

 more rod-shaped, lenticular, and mussel-shell- 

 shaped grains. 



