GENUS FRITILLARIA. 



501 



CI PA CA 

 PCP3 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch of 

 Fritillaria pyrenaica. 



With selenite the quadrants are not sharply defined, are usually regular in form and unequal 

 in size. The colors arc generally not pure. 



Iodine Reactions. — With 0.25 per cent Lugol's sohition the grains all color a fairly deep blue- 

 violet; with 0.125 per cent solution they color rather lightly. The color is slightly less than that 

 of the grains of F. meleagris. After heating in water until all the grains are completely gelatinized, 

 both the solution and the grains color fairly deeply on the addition of iodine. After boiling for 2 

 minutes the solution colors deeply and most of the grain-residues fairly. The capsules all color 

 a violet on the addition of an excess of iodine. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian violet the grains 

 stain very slightly at once and in 30 minutes are fairly col- 

 ored, some more than others. The color is slightly deeper 

 than that of the grains of F. meleagris. 



With safranin the grains stain very faintly at once 

 and in 30 minutes are only lightly stained. The color is 

 slightly less than that of the grains of F. meleagris. 



Temperature Reaction.— The temperature of gelatin- 

 ization is 62.5° to 63.8° C, mean 63.15°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — With chloral hydrate- 

 iodine the grains begin to react at once. Several are com- 

 pletely gelatinized in 70 seconds and all in 7 minutes. The 

 gelatinized grains are much enlarged, but have the same 

 general shape as the untreated grains. The process is 

 qualitatively the same as in F. meleagris. 



With chromic acid the grains begin to react at once. 

 Many arc dissolved in 10 seconds and all in 20 seconds. 

 The process is the same qualitatively as that observed 

 for F. meleagris. 



The grains begin to react with pyrogallic add at once and all are gelatinized in Ij^ minutes. 

 The gelatinized grains are much swollen, especially in the longitudinal axis, and do not retain much 

 of the form of the untreated grain. The process is qualitatively the same as in F. meleagris, except 

 that a bubble does not appear so frequently at the hilum and more grains have the serrated lining 

 of the capsule at the distal margin. 



Reaction with ferric chloride begins at once by the formation of a darker and transparent 

 striated border, followed by irregular swelling in 30 seconds. A few grains are gelatinized in 2 min- 

 utes and all in 8 minutes. The process is qualitatively the same as in F. meleagris. The gelatinized 

 grains are quite irregular in outline and many of them are flattened at the proximal end, as in 

 F. meleagris. 



With Purdy's solution the grains begin to react at once. Most of them are gelatinized in 20 

 seconds and all in 30 seconds. A bubble sometimes appears at the hilum. During the swelling 

 process many grains are invaginated at the proximal end, and laterally extended, and finally rounded, 

 as was often noted in F. recurva. The process is qualitatively the same as in F. meleagris. 



STARCH OF FRITILLARIA PUDICA. (Plate 25, figs. 149 and 150. Chart 114.) 



Histological Characteristics. — In form the grains are almost wholly simple and are isolated, 

 except a few in small aggregates. Rare compound grains of few components are noted. Pressure 

 facets appear rarely on the isolated grains and the small grains form numerous clumps. The sur- 

 face of the grains is often irregular, owing to slight elevations and depressions and rather small, 

 rounded protuberances and nipple-like processes. The specimen studied showed numerous grains 

 which were extensively striated or even deeply fissured, longitudinally or transversely, especially at 

 or near the hilum. Some grains were somewhat swollen, or ends were ragged, as though they were 

 undergoing some process of dissolution. Only the unfissured or slightly fissured grains were therefore 

 studied. The conspicuous forms are both broad and narrow, irregularly triangular with curved base 

 and rounded angles, pyriform, irregularly quadrilateral, and elliptical; also a few irregular clam- 

 shell shapes. Among the small grains many are nearly round or oval. 



The hilum is a fairly small, round, distinct cavity with a refractive line extending from it on 

 each side towards the distal end. It is eccentric except in the small, round grains, and the range 



