504 



STARCHES OF LILIACE^. 



The grains begin to react with pyrogalKc acid in 10 seconds. Many are gelatinized in 30 seconds 

 and all in 40 seconds. The process is the same as in F. mdeagris, but the appearance of bubbles 

 at the hilum is less frequent and the gelatinized grain is more regular in outline. 



Reaction with ferric chloride begins at once. A rapid distension of the capsule begins in 30 

 seconds. Several grains are gelatinized in 2 minutes, the majority in 5 minutes, and all in 7 minutes. 

 The reaction is qualitatively the same as in F. meleagris, but the striated border becomes broader 

 before distension of the capsule. 



The reaction with Purdy's solution begins at once. Many grains are gelatinized in 30 seconds, 

 almost all in a minute, and all in 2 minutes. The reaction is qualitatively the same as that of the 

 grains of F. meleagris. 



STARCH OF FRITILLARIA ARMENA. (Plate 26, figs. 153 and 154. Chart 116.) 



Histological Characteristics. — In form the grains are almost wholly simple and with rare excep- 

 tions are isolated, with few pressure facets. Compounds and doublets are very rare. The surface 

 is usually regular, and such irregularities as occur take the form of the greater prominence of one part 

 of the margin than of the rest, and of very slight inequalities. The conspicuous forms are broad and 

 narrow triangular with curved base and rounded angles, elliptical, and oval; also ovoid, pyriform, 

 rod-shaped, nearly round, and clam-shell-shaped. The small grains, not very numerous in this 

 species, are round, rod-shaped, oval, and pyriform. 



The hilum is a small, round, not very distinct spot, 

 or rarely a cavity. It is eccentric one-fourth to one-sixth, 

 in most grains one-fifth, of the longitudinal axis, with 

 sometimes 2 hila in a single grain. The hilum is occa- 

 sionally fissured in a single short, narrow, straight line, 

 transverse or sometimes longitudinal. 



The lamelhe are fine, indistinct circles, ellipses, or arcs 

 of circles, nearly always regular, varying in size and dis- 

 tinctness in different grains, and usually are not so fine 

 but more distinct near the distal end than near the hilum. 

 The number was not determined. 



The grains vary in size; the smaller are 8 by 8ju; the 

 larger are 40 by 34;i in length and breadth; the common 

 sizes measure respectively 28 by 24// and 26 by 15/i in 

 length and breadth. 



Polariscopic Properties. — The figure is eccentric, dis- 

 tinct, usually not clear-cut. Its lines are generally broad 

 and not clearly defined in some part of their length, some- 

 times bisected and curved. 



The degree of polarization is fair to fairly high, varying in different aspects of the grain, highest 

 when the grain is viewed on end or edge. It is not quite so high as that of the grains of F. 

 meleagris. 



With selenite the quadrants are not well defined, usually regular in shape, and unequal in 

 size. The colors are generally fairly pure. 



Iodine Reactions. — ^With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains all color a fair blue-violet; 

 with 0.125 per cent solution they color very lightly and the color does not deepen very rapidly. 

 It is much less than that of the grains of F. meleagris. After heating in water until all the grains 

 are completely gelatinized^ the solution colors fairly and the gelatinized grains deeply on the addi- 

 tion of iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors deeply and most of the grain-residues 

 color fairly. The capsules all color a violet when an excess of iodine is added. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian violet and with safranin the grains stain faintly at once and 

 in 30 minutes are but lightly stained, not so much as the grains of F. meleagris. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatinization is 66.1° to 67.1° C, mean 66.6°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — ^With chloral hydrate-iodine the grains begin to react at once. 

 Some are gelatinized and stained deeply in 40 seconds, the majority in 4 minutes, and all in 8 min- 

 utes. The reaction is qualitatively the same as F. meleagris, but protuberances more often form 

 first at the proximal end. 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch of 

 Fritillaria armena. 



