GENUS FRITILLARIA. 



507 



The hilum is a small, not very distinct round spot or cavity, often with a line proceeding from 

 each side towards the distal end. It is eccentric one-fourth to one-sixth, generally about one-fifth, 

 of the longitudinal axis. The hilum is sometimes fissured by a short, straight, narrow, transverse line. 



The larnellce are fine, not very distinct circles or ellipses, or irregular rings, or segments of circles. 

 They are usually fairly regular and commonly more distinct but not so fine near the distal end than 

 near the hilum, with often a very coarse and distinct lamella at about two-thirds or three-fourths 

 the distance from the hilum to the distal end. The number was not determined. 



The grains vary in size; the smaller are 8 by 8m; the larger are 54 by 46/i and 52 by 52/i in length 

 and breadth; the common sizes are 38 by 32ju or 30 by 20/t in length and breadth. 



Polariscopic Properties. — The figure is eccentric, distinct, but not clear-cut, with one or all of 

 its lines very much diffused along the greater part of their length, and one or more bisected or even 

 further subdivided. They are often bent and variable 

 in width. 



The degree of polarization is fairly high, varying 

 somewhat in different grains and in different aspects of 

 the same grain, being highest when the grain is viewed on 

 end or edge. It is sometimes variable in different parts 

 of the same aspect of a grain, often being lower near the 

 margin and distal end than near the hilum. It is higher 

 than that of the grains of F. meleagris. 



With selenite the quadrants are not well defined, are 

 irregular in form, and unequal in size. The colors are 

 not usually pure. 



Iodine Reactions. — With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution 

 the grains all color a fairly deep blue-violet; with 0.125 

 per cent solution they color rather lightly and the color 

 deepens fairly rapidly. It is less than that of the grains 

 of F. meleagris. After heating in water until all the grains 

 are completely gelatinized, the solution colors fairly deeply 

 and the gelatinized grains deeply on the addition of iodine. 

 After boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors very deeply 

 and many of the grain-residues fairly or lightly. The capsules all color a violet with an excess of iodine. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian violet the grains are faintly stained at once and in 30 minutes 

 are stained light to fair, less than the grains of F. meleagris. 



With safranin the grains are faintly stained at once and in 30 minutes are stained Ught to fair, 

 the same as in the grains of F. meleagris. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatinization is 54.8" to 55.4° C, mean 55.1°. 



Effects of Various Reagents.— With chloral hydrate-iodine the grains begin to react at once. Some 

 are gelatinized in a minute and all in 4 minutes. The reaction is quahtatively the same as F. meleagris. 



The grains begin to react with chromic acid at once. Some are dissolved in 15 seconds and 

 all in 25 seconds. The process is qualitatively the same as in F. meleagris. 



Reaction with pyrogallic acid begins at once and all the grains are completely gelatinized in 

 25 seconds. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in F. meleagris. 



Reaction with ferric chloride begins at once by the formation of a dark, striated border. Swell- 

 ing begins at different points in a minute in a few grains and a very few are gelatinized in 2 minutes. 

 All the grains are in process of gelatinization in 2 minutes and all are gelatinized in 1 1 minutes. 

 The reaction is qualitatively the same as in F. meleagris, but gelatinization begins more often first 

 at the proximal end. 



With Purdy's solution the grains react immediately. The reaction is complete in many of them 

 in 10 .seconds and in all in 20 seconds. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in F. meleagris. 



STARCH OF FRITILLARIA RECURVA. (Plate 27, figs. 159 and 160, Chart 119.) 



Histological Characteristics. — In form the grains are usually simple and isolated, except a few 

 that occur in small doublets and larger aggregates. Compound grains are occasionally seen. Pres- 

 sure facets appear rarely on the isolated grains. The surface of the grains is usually somewhat 

 irregular, owing sometimes to small protuberances, but generally to more or less widespread inequal- 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch of 

 Fritillaria liliacea. 



