518 STARCHES OF LILIACE^. 



Polariscopic Properties. — The figure is eccentric, distinct, and usually clear-cut. Occasionally 

 the Unes are dim and therefore not distinctly outlined. The lines may be bent, or otherwise dis- 

 torted, and be placed at varying angles to one another. 



The degree of polarization is high, varying greatly on different grains, and is lower in some parts 

 of a given aspect of an individual grain than in others. It is a little higher, on the whole, than in 

 the grains of C. nitidus. 



With selenite the quadrants are well defined, unequal in size, and generally more or less irregular 

 in shape. The colors are fairly pure. 



Iodine Reactions. — With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains color at once very deeply 

 a blue-violet; with 0.125 per cent solution they color at once fairly and the color deepens 

 rapidly. The shade is deeper than that of the grains of C. nitidus. After heating until the grains 

 are completely gelatinized, both the solution and the grains color fairly deeply on the addition 

 of iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors more deeply, and the grain-residues 

 but little or not at all. The capsules become colored violet upon the addition of a slight excess 

 of iodine. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian violet the grains begin to stain at once and in 30 minutes 

 are deeply stained, each grain as deeply as another. The shade is much deeper than that of the 

 grains of C. nitidus. 



With safranin the grains begin to stain at once and in 30 minutes are fairly deeply stained. 

 The color is deeper than that of the grains of C. nitidus. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatinization is 50° to 51° C, mean 50.5°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — With chloral hydrate-dodine some grains begin to react in 30 seconds 

 and the reaction is general in 1 to 1 J^ minutes. About half are fully darkened in 4 minutes, and the 

 reaction is complete in 7 minutes. The reaction is qualitatively the same as that of the grains of 

 C. nitidus. 



The reaction with chromic add begins at once and is over in a minute. The reaction is quali- 

 tatively the same as that of the grains of C. nitidus. 



With pyrogaUic add there is a general reaction in 20 seconds and all the grains are com- 

 pletely gelatinized in 2]/^ minutes. The reaction is qualitatively the same as that of the grains 

 of C. nitidus. 



The reaction with ferric chloride begins in some grains in 30 seconds and is general in 2 minutes, 

 and all the grains are fully gelatinized in 4 minutes. The reaction is the same qualitatively as that 

 of the grains of C. nitidus. 



Reaction with Purdy's solution begins at once and is over in 45 to 60 seconds. The reaction is 

 qualitatively the same as that of the grains of C. nitidus. 



STARCH OF CALOCHORTUS LEICHTLINII. (Plate 30, figs. 175 and 176. Chart 126.) 



Histological Characteristics. — In form the grains are simple, isolated, and without pressure 

 facets. Their surface is varied and somewhat irregular, owing to the unequal development of dif- 

 ferent parts, and to secondary deposits. The conspicuous form is the short, broad elliptical, 

 which approaches the ovoid; also ovoid, round, fan-shaped, pyriform, triangular, and irregularly 

 polygonal with rounded corners. The grains are somewhat flattened and some are narrower at one 

 end than at the other. These grains are the least irregular of all the calochorti starches. 



The hilum is a not very distinct, small, round spot that is eccentric to about one-fifth of the 

 longitudinal diameter of the grain, and located usually in or near the median line. It never was 

 observed to be double, triple, or multiple, and it is rarely fissured. When fissured, the fissure is 

 very small and indistinct, and is usually a single, straight, transverse line. There are sometimes 

 two lines or fissures, one from each side of the hilum. 



The lameUcB arc indistinct, rather fine, continuous lines which usually follow the outline of the 

 margin. They are not so fine near the distal end of the grain. The number could not be accurately 

 determined. 



The grains vary in size from 4 to 45;u. The common size is 28fi. The common dimensions 

 of the elUptical grains are 28 by 20/;* in length and breadth. 



Polariscopic Properties. — The figure is eccentric, distinct, and fairly clear-cut. Occasionally 

 some lines are somewhat less clearly defined than others. The figure may be bent and otherwise 

 distorted or bisected. The lines are placed at varying angles to one another. 



