S22 



STARCHES OF ULIACE^. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Calochortus. 



HisTOLoaicAL Chakactbbistics. 

 Conspicuous Forms. 



C. attnis: Same as in C. nitidus, except more ellipsoidal 

 grains with flattened ends, and with little ten- 

 dency to nodular protrusion of the proximal end 

 and the formation of fan-shaped grains. 



C. mauieanus var. rnajor: Same as in C. nitidus, except a 

 few multiple grains and aggregates and more 

 elliptical and triangular, fewer fan-shaped and 

 grains with nodular protrusion of proximal end. 



C. benlhami: Same as in C. nitidus, except some aggre- 

 gates, fewer fan-shaped and more elliptical grams: 

 tendency to nodular protrusion of proximal end 

 marked. 



C. lilacinus: Same as in C. nitidus, except few aggregates, 

 fewer fan-shaped, and more elliptical. 



C. nitidus: Simple, isolated, no pressure facets, irregular 

 owin^ to unequal development and to amorphous 

 additions. Fan-shaped with a rounded or nodular 

 protrusion of proximal end, blunt ellipsoidal, ovoid, 

 round, pyriform, triangular and mussel-shell shaped. 



C. howellii: Same as in C. nilidtis, except more ellipsoidal 

 with blunted ends. 



C leichtlinii: Same as in C. nitidus, except a few aggre- 

 gates, very few fan-shaped, many short, broad 

 elliptical approaching ovoid; least irregular of all 

 of the Calochortus starches. 



C. luleus var. oculatus: Same as in C. nitidus, except a few 

 aggregates, few fan-shaped, more short elliptical. 



C. splendens: Same as in C. nitidus, except a few aggre- 

 gates, few fan-shaped, many broad pyriform, and 

 short, broad elliptical. 



Hilum — Form, Number, and Position. 



C. albus: Form same as in C. nitidus, except that always 

 fairly distinct, rarely fissured, and fissure small, 

 single, clear-cut. Position eccentric about 0.20 

 of longitudinal axis. 



C. maweanus var. major: Form same as in C. nitidus, 

 except that indistinct, small, sometimes fissured, 

 fissures very small, single. Position eccentric 

 about 0.20 of longitudinal axis. 



C. benlhami: Form same as in C. nitidus, except that 

 always distinct, medium-sized, rarely fissured, 

 fissure smallj single, transverse. Position ec- 

 centric about 0.20 of longitudinal axis. 



C. lilacinus: Form fairly distinct, small, always fissured, 

 fis.sures very small, straight, single. Position 

 eccentric about 0.20 of longitudinal axis. 



C. nitidus: Form very distinct to indistinct, round, com- 

 paratively large spot, rarely fissured. Position 

 eccentric about 0.20 of longitudinal axis. 



C. howellii: Form the same as in C. nitidus, except that 

 very distinct, sometimes an elliptical cavity, 

 often fissurea, fissures short, straight, single. 

 Position eccentric about 0.20 of longitudinal axis. 



C. leichtlinii: Form the same as in C. nitidus, except that 

 not very distinct, round, rarely fissured, fissures 

 very small, single, straight. Position eccentric 

 about 0.20 of longitudinal axis. 



C. luteus vax. oculatus: Form fairly distinct, small, round, 

 or elliptical, may be fissured, fissures small, straight, 

 single. Position eccentric about 0.20 of longitud- 

 inal axis. 



C. splendens: Form distinct, small, round or elliptical, may 

 be fissured, fissures small, single, straight. Position 

 eccentric about 0.20 of longitudinal axis. 



LameUte — General Characteristics and Number. 



C. albus: Same as in C. nitidus. 16 to 20 on larger grains. 



C. maweanus var. major: Same as in C. nitidus, except 



that somewhat irregular. 20 to 24 on larger grains. 



C. benthami: Same as in C. nitidus, except fairly distinct. 



16 to 20 on larger grains. 



HisTOLOGicAi, Characteristics. — Ckmtinued. 

 Lamella — General Characteristics and Number. — Cont'd. 



C. lilacinus: Same as in C. nitidus. Number not deter- 

 mined. 



C. nitidus: Indistinct, rather fine, regular, and continu- 

 ous. About 12 to 14 or larger grains. 



C. howellii: Same as in C. nitidus except that distinct 

 and somewhat irregular. 16 to 18 on larger grains. 



C. leichtlinii: Same as in C. nitidus. Number not deter- 

 mined. 



C. luteus var. oculatus : Same as in C. nitidus, but 

 fairly distinct, and regular. 8 to 20 on larger grains. 



C. splendens: Same as in C. nitidus. Number not deter- 

 mined. 



Size. 



C. albus: From 4 to 40/i, commonly 28m. 



C. maweanus var. major: From 4 to 46/i, commonly 30/1. 



C. benthami: From 4 to 40m, commonly 32^. 



C. lilacintis: From 6 to 46^, commonly 28;i. 



C. nitidus: From 3.6 to 30ai, commonly 14^. 



C. howellii: From 5 to 40^, commonly 28m. 



C. leichtlinii: From 4 to 45m, commonly 28m. 



C. luteus var. oculatus: From 4 to 48m, commonly 32m. 



C. splendens: From 4 to 32m, commonly 20m. 



PoLARiscopic Properties. 

 Figure. 

 C. albus: Same as in C. nitidus, except clear-cut. 

 C. maweanus var. major: Same as in C. nitidus, more often 



clear-cut. 

 C. benthami: Same as in C. nitidus, except clear-cut. 

 C. lilacinus: Same as in C. nitidits, except less often 



distorted. 

 C. nitidus: Eccentric, distinct, and usually clear-cut, often 



irregular. 

 C. howellii: Same as in C. nitidus. 

 C. leichtlinii: Same as in C. nitidus, except usually fairly 



clear-cut and not so irregular. 

 C. luteus var. oculatus: Same as in C. nitidus. 

 C. splendens: Same as in C. nitidus, except not always 



distinct, and fairly clear-cut. 



Degree of Polarization. 

 C. albus: High, not so high as in C. nitidus. 

 C. maweanus var. major: High, somewhat higher than 



in C. nitidus. The same as nitidus. 

 C. benthami: High, higher than in C. nitidus. 

 C. lilacinus: High, higher than in C. nitidus. 

 C. nitidus: High. 



C. howellii: High, slightly higher than in C. nitidus. 

 C. leichtlinii: High, higher than in C. nitidus. 

 C. luteus var. oculatus: High, slightly higher than in C 



nitidus. 

 C. splendens: Fairly high, lower than in C. nitidus. 



Polarization with Selenile — Qundranls and Colors. 

 C. albus: Quadrants same as in C. nitidus. Colors fairly 



pure, less than in C. nitidus. 

 C. maweanus var. major: Quadrants same as in C. nitidus, 



but usually not so well defined. Colors fairly pure. 

 C. benthami: Quadrants same as in C. nitidus. Colors 



fairly pure, better than in C. nitidus. 

 C. lilacinus: Quadrants same as in C. nitidus, but not 



so well defined. Colors fairly pure. 

 C. nitidus: Quadrants sharply defined, irregular in shape, 



and unequal in size. Colors fairly pure. 

 C. howellii: Quadrants same as in C. nitidus. Colors fairly 



pure. 

 C. leichtlinii: Quadrants same as in C. nitidus, but not 



quite so well defined. Colors fairly pure. 

 C. luteus var. oculatus: Quadrants same as in C. nitidus, 



but not so well defined. Colors fairly pure. 

 C. splendens: Quadrants same as in C. nitidus, but not 



so well defined. Colors fairly pure. 



