GENUS CALOCHORTUS. 



523 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Calochortus. — Continued. 



Iodine Reactions. 



Intensity mid Color. 



C. cdbua: Very deep, slightly deeper than in C nitidus; 

 blue- violet. 



C. maweanus var. major: Very deep, slightly lighter than 

 in C. nitidus; blue- violet. 



C. benthami: Very deep, slightly deeper than in C. niti- 

 dus; blue-violet. 



C. lilacinus: Very deep, about the same as in C. nitidus; 

 blue-violet. 



C. nitidus: Very deep; blue-violet. 



C. howellii: Very deep, deeper than in C. nitidus; blue- 

 violet. 



C. leicMlinii: Very deep, about the same as in C niiidus; 

 blue- violet. 



C. luteus var. oculatus: Very deep, slightly deeper than 

 in C. nitidus; blue-violet. 



C. splendens: Very deep, same as in C. niiidus; blue- 

 violet. 



Staining Reactions. 



With Gentian Violet. 

 C. albus: Fair, sUghtly deeper than in C. nitidus. 

 C. maweanus var. major: Fair, about the same as in C. 



nitidus. 

 C. benthami: Deep, deeper than in C. nitidus. 

 C. lilacinus: Fair, sUghtly deeper than in C. nitidus. 

 C. nitidus: Fair. 



C. howellii: Deep, much deeper than in C. nitidus. 

 C. leichtlinii: Fair, deeper than in C. nitidus. 

 C. luteus var. oculatus: Deep, deeper than in C. niiidus. 

 C. splendens: Fair, same as in C. nitidus. 



With Safranin. 

 C. albus: Deep, slightly deeper than in C. nitidus. 

 C. maweanus var. major: Fairly deep, about the same as 



in C. niiidus. 

 C. benthami: Fairly deep, slightly deeper than in C. 



nitidus. 

 C. lilacinus: Deep, deeper than in C. nitidus. 

 C. nitidus: Fairly deep. 



C. howellii: Fairly deep, deeper than in C. nitidus. 

 C. leichtlinii: Fairly deep, deeper than in C. nitidus. 

 C. luteus var. oculatus: Deep, deeper than in C. nitidus. 

 C. splendens: Fairly deep, about the same as in C. niiidus. 



Temperature of Gelatinization. 

 C. albus: 52 to 54° C, mean 53°. 

 C. maweanus var. major: 59 to 60° C, mean 59.5°. 

 C. benthami: 61 to 62° C, mean 61.5°. 

 C. lilacinus: 58 to 60° C, mean 59°. 

 C. nitidus: 54 to 55.5° C, mean 54.75°. 

 C. howellii: 50 to 51° C, mean 50.5°. 

 C. leichtlinii: 62 to 64° C, mean 63°. 

 C. luteus var. oculatus: 67.2 to 59° C, mean 58.1°. 

 C. splendens: 54.2 to 56° C., mean 55.1°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. 



Reaction with Chloral Hydrate-Iodine. 



C. albus: Begins in 45 seconds; complete in 6 minutes. 



C. maweanus var. major: Begins in 45 seconds; complete 



in 10 minutes. 

 C. benthami: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in 5 minutes. 

 C. lilacinus: Begins in 1 3^ minutes; complete in 5 minutes. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — Continued. 



Reaction with ClUoral Hydrate-Iodine. — Continued. 



C. nitidus: Begins in 15 seconds; complete in 2 minutes. 

 C. howellii: Begins in a minute; complete in 7 minutes. 

 C. leichtlinii: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in 7 minutes. 

 C. luteus var. oculatus: Begins in 13^ minutes; complete 



in 10 minutes. 

 C. splendens: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in 7 minutes. 



Reaction with Chromic Acid. 



C. albtis: Begins at once; complete in 30 seconds. 



C. maweanus var. major: Begins at once; complete in a 



minute. 

 C. benthami: Begins at once; complete in 2 minutes. 

 C. lilacinus: Begins at once; complete in 30 seconds. 

 C. nitidus: Begins at once; complete in 20 seconds. 

 C howellii: Begins at once; complete in a minute. 

 C. leichtlinii: Begins at once; complete in a minute. 

 C. luteus var. oculatus: Begins at once; complete in a 



minute. 

 C. splendens: Begins at once; complete in 30 seconds. 



Reaction with Pyrogallic Add. 



C. albus: Begins in 10 seconds; complete in 4 minutes. 

 C. maweanus var. major: Begins in 20 seconds; complete 



in most in 8 minutes. 

 C. benthami: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in 4 minutes. 

 C. lilacinus: Begins in 20 seconds; complete in 4 minutes. 

 C. nitidus: Begins at once; complete in 2 minutes. 

 C. howellii: Begins in 20 seconds; complete in 2 J^ minutes. 

 C. leichtlinii: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in most in 



10 minutes. 

 C. luteus var. oculatus: Begins in 20 seconds; complete in 



10 minutes. 

 C. splendens: Begins in 20 seconds; complete in 4 minutes. 



Reaction with Ferric Chloride. 



C. albus: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in 6 minutes. 



C. maweanus var. major: Begins in 2 minutes; complete 

 in 8 minutes. 



C. benthami: Begins in 15 seconds; complete in 5 minutes. 



C lilacinus: Begins in 2 minutes; complete in 5 minutes. 



C. nitidus: Begins in 30 seconds ; complete in 4 minutes. 



C. howellii: Begins in 2 minutes; complete in 4 minutes. 



C. leichtlinii: Begins in 2 J/^ minutes ; complete in 6 minutes. 



C. luteus var. oculatus: Begins in IJ^ minutes; complete 

 in 8 minutes. 



C. splendens: Begins in IH minutes; complete in 10 min- 

 utes. 



Reaction with Purdy's Solution. 



C. albus: Begins at once; complete in 20 to 30 seconds. 

 C. maweanus var. major: Begins at once; complete in 30 



seconds. 

 C. benthami: BeginsinlOseconds. Complete in 30 seconds. 

 C. lilacinus: Begins at once; complete in a minute. 

 C. niiidus: Begins at once; complete in 30 seconds. 

 C. howellii: Begins at once; complete in 45 to 60 seconds. 

 C. leichtlinii: Begins in 15 seconds; complete in 3 minutes. 

 C. luteus var. oculatus: Begins at once; complete in 1 



minute. 

 C. splendens: Begins at once; complete in 45 seconds. 



NOTES ON THE STARCHES OF CALOCHORTUS. 



The starches of Calochorliis in their histological characters exhibit differences in size, form, hilum, 

 and lamella;, especially in their size and lamella;, and as regards the lamella; in reference particularly 

 to the secondary sets. In their reactions it will be noted that while the curves of the reaction-inten- 

 sities are clearly of the same type, the departures from a given standard in the case of each starch are 

 distinctive, the main deviations being seen in the temperature of gelatinization (the range being from 

 50.5° to 03°) and in the chloral hydrate-iodine, pyrogallic acid, and ferric chloride reactions. 



