532 



STARCHES OF LILIACE^. 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch of Tulipa 

 didieri var. fransoniana. 



The degree of polarization is fairly high, but varies considerably in different grains and often 

 in the same aspect of a given grain. It is scarcely as high as T. hageri. 



With selenite the quadrants are fairly well defined, fairly regular in shape, and unequal in size. 

 The blue is pure, but the yellow is not, as in the case of T. hageri. 



Iodine Reactions. — With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains color a deep blue-violet; with 

 0.125 per cent solution they color fairly and the color deepens rapidly. It is not so deep as that of 

 the grains of T. hageri. After heating in water until all 

 the grains are completely gelatinized, the solution colors 

 fairly deeply and the swollen grains deeply on the addition 

 of iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors 

 very deeply and the grain-residues lightly or not at all. 

 The capsules color a red-violet with a slight excess of iodine. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian violet the grains 

 begin to stain at once and in 30 minutes they are fairly 

 stained, some more than others. The stain is less than 

 that of the grains of T. hageri. 



With safranin the grains begin to stain at once and 

 in 30 minutes they are lightly stained. The color is deeper 

 than that of the grains of T. hageri. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatini- 

 zation is 50.1° to 52.2° C, mean 51.15°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — With chloral hydrate- 

 iodine the reaction begins in most grains in 30 seconds. 

 It is over in nearly all in 8 minutes and in all in 14 min- 

 utes. It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains 

 of T. hageri. 



With chromic acid reaction begins at once and is over in 50 seconds. It is the same qualitatively 

 as that of the grains of T. hageri. 



Reaction with pyrogallic acid begins in a very few seconds and in all in 15 seconds. It is over 

 in 45 seconds. It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of T. hageri. 



Reaction with ferric chloride begins in a very few grains in 30 seconds. It is over in nearly 

 all in 5 minutes and in all in 15 minutes. It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of T. 

 hageri. 



With Purdy's solvlion reaction begins in a very few seconds and is over in 50 seconds. It is 

 the same qualitatively as that of the grains of T. hageri. 



STARCH OF TULIPA CLUSIANA. (Plate 33, figs. 195 and 196. Chart 136.) 



Histological Charactenstics.— In form the giains are simple and, with the exception of a few 

 doublets, are isolated. There are no pressure facets on the isolated grains. The surface of most 

 grains is regular, but they are sometimes somewhat irregular owing to one or more nipple-like 

 processes, either near or at the proximal end; or the proximal end may rarely be elongated into a 

 finger-like process, the line of union with the body of the grain being indicated by a refractive line. 

 The conspicuous forms among the larger grains are narrow to broad triangular with curved base 

 and rounded angles, ovoid with distal end somewhat flattened, pyriform, and clam-shell-shaped. 

 The smaller grains are flattened elliptical, pyriform, ovoid, and round. The grains are flattened 

 and when viewed on edge they are frequently narrower at the distal end. The grains are more 

 irregular than those of T. hageri. 



The hilum is often not very distinct. It is a fairly refractive, round spot which usually has 

 range of eccentricity from one-fifth to one-sixth, commonly one-sixth, of the longitudinal axis. 

 A short transverse fissure may be found at the hilum. 



The lamellce are generally fine and indistinct near the hilum, and fairly coarse and distinct 

 near the lateral margins and distal end. In the clam-shell-shaped type the lamellae are usually more 

 distinct throughout most of the grain, 1 to 3 being more refractive and coarser than the others. 

 The lamellae, if demonstrable, are seen to form complete circles when located near the hilum, but 

 assume the shape of the grains and appear incomplete when near the margin and distal end. 

 There is usually one or two very refractive, coarse lamellae at varying distances between the hilum 



