534 



STARCHES OF LILIACEiB. 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch of Tulipa 

 clusiana var. persica. 



refractive and coarser lamella; which are found at varying points between the hilum and the distal 

 margin. The lamellae are not demonstrable throughout the entire grain, but occasionallj'^ 27 to 30 

 may be counted on larger grains. 



The size of the smaller grains is 4 by 4/j, of the larger broader grains 48 by 50fi, of the elongated 

 grains 42 by 38/i in length and breadth. The common size of the latter is 30 by 23jLt in length and 

 breadth. 



Polariscopic Properties. — The^wre is usually eccentric. Its lines are rather thick and generally 

 straight, but are diffused at the distal and proximal margins. They rarely appear bisected or bent. 



The degree of polarization is fairly high, but varies 

 in different grains and in the same aspect of a given grain. 

 It is higher than in T. hageri. 



With selenite the quadrants are fairly well defined, 

 fairly regular in shape, and unequal in size. The blue is 

 quite pure, but the yellow is not pure, as in T. hageri. 



Iodine Reactions. — With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solu- 

 tion the grains color a deep blue-violet; with 0.125 per 

 cent solution they color fairly and the color deepens rap- 

 idly. It is slightly deeper than that of the grains of T. 

 hageri. After heating in water until all the grains are 

 completely gelatinized, the solution colors fairly deeply 

 and the swollen grains deeply on the addition of iodine. 

 After boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors very 

 deeply and the grain-residues rather lightly or not at 

 all. The capsules all color a red-violet with a slight ex- 

 cess of iodine. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian violet the grains 

 begin to stain very lightly almost immediately, and in 

 30 minutes they are fairly stained, some slightly more 

 than others. The stain is slightly more than that of the grains of T. hageri. 



With safranin the grains begin to stain very lightly almost immediately, and in 30 minutes they 

 are lightly stained, some of them less than others. The stain is very slightly more than that of the 

 grains of T. hageri. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatinization is 55.5° to 56.1° C, mean 55.8°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — With chloral hydrate-4odine reaction begins in most grains in a 

 few seconds. Nearly all are gelatinized in 6 minutes and all in 10 minutes. The reaction is the same 

 qualitatively as that of the grains of T. hageri. 



Reaction with chromic acid begins in some grains at once and in all in 15 seconds. It is over 

 in a minute. It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of T. hageri. 



Reaction with pyrogallic acid begins in some grains in 15 seconds and in all in 30 seconds. 

 It is over in 2J^ minutes. It is the same as that of the grains of T. hageri, except that there is very 

 little bubble formation. 



With ferric chloride reaction begins in a few grains in 30 seconds. Nearly all the grains are 

 gelatinized in 10 minutes and all in 13 minutes. The reaction is the same qualitatively as that of 

 the grains of T. hageri. 



The reaction with Purdy's solution begins in 30 seconds and is over in 3 minutes. The reaction 

 is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of T. hageri. 



STARCH OF TULIPA OCULUS-SOLIS. (Plate 34, figs. 199 and 200. Chart 138.) 



Histological Characteristics. — In form the grains are simple and with rare exceptions isolated. 

 Doublets are very rare, and no pressure facets are observed. The surface is usually regular. When 

 irregular they have nipple-like processes or rather broad, blunt protuberances generally at or near 

 the proximal end. The conspicuous forms among the large grains are the elongated triangular 

 and broadly triangular with curved base and rounded angles, pyriform, and clam-shell-shaped. The 

 small grains are oval, somewhat ovoid with squared distal end, and round. The grains are flat- 

 tened and when viewed on edge they are frequently seen to be narrower at the distal end. There 

 is a larger proportion of irregular grains than in T. hageri. 



