536 



STARCHES OF LILIACEiE. 



proximal end may be extended into a finger-like process, the longitudinal axis of which may or 

 may not coincide with that of the main body of the grain. The conspicuous forms among the larger 

 grains are triangular with curved base and rounded angles, pyriform, and a few broadly triangular 

 forms which approach the clam-shell-shaped type. The smallest grains are usually elliptical, oval, 

 ovoid, and round. The grains are flattened, and when viewed on edge they frequently appear 

 narrower at the distal end. They are more regular than the grains of T. hageri. 



The hilum is a round refractive spot with a range of eccentricity from one-fourth to one- 

 sixth, usuaUy one-fifth, of the longitudinal axis. A short transverse fissure may be found at the 

 hilum. 



The lamdloe are usually not demonstrable near the hilum and also close by the distal end. 

 When observed, near the hilum they form complete circles, but those near the margin and distal 

 end have the shape of the outline of the grain and are probably incomplete. One to three coarse, 

 refractive lamellae are frequently found on the large grains. There appear to be 38 to 40 lamellae 

 on the larger grains, but they are quite indistinct and not 

 demonstrable throughout the entire grain, and therefore 

 the number is uncertain. 



The size of the smaller grains is 6 by 6/t, and of the 

 larger grains 60 by 48/t in length and breadth. The 

 common size of the larger grains is 38 by Z2n in length 

 and breadth. 



Polariscopic Properties. — The figure is usually ec- 

 centric, distinct, and fairly clear-cut. The lines of the 

 figure are rather thick and generally straight, but ex- 

 panded at the proximal and distal margins. They are 

 rarely either bent or bisected. The figure is the same 

 as in T. hageri. 



The degree of polarization is fairly high. It is some- 

 what variable in different grains and in the same aspect 

 of a given grain. It is higher than in T. hageri. 



With selenite the quadrants are fairly well defined, 

 fairly regular in shape, and unequal in size. The blue is 

 quite pure, but the yellow is not pure, as in T. hageri. 



Iodine Reactions. — With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solu- 

 tion the grains color a deep blue-violet; with 0.125 per cent solution they color fairly and the 

 color deepens rapidly. The color is not so deep as that of the grains of T. hageri. After heating 

 in water until all the grains are completely gelatinized, the solution colors fairly deeply and the 

 swollen grains deeply on the addition of iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors 

 very deeply and the grain-residues lightly. The capsules all color a red-violet with an excess of 

 iodine. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian violet the grains begin to stain at once and in 30 minutes 

 are deeply stained, some much more than others. The stain is deeper than that of the grains of 

 T. hageri. 



With safranin the grains begin to stain at once and in 30 minutes are lightly stained, some 

 slightly more than others. The stain is deeper than that of the grains of T. hageri. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperatiu-e of gelatinization is 54° to 55.5° C, mean 54.75°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — With chloral hydrate-iodine reaction begins in most grains in 30 

 seconds, and in all in a minute. It is over in nearly all in 7 minutes and in all in 19 minutes. It is 

 the same qualitatively as that of the grains of T. hageri. 



Reaction with chromic acid begins in a very few seconds and is over in a minute. It is the same 

 qualitatively as that of the grains of T. hageri. 



The reaction with pyrogallic acid begins in a very few seconds and is over in IJi minutes. It 

 is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of T. hageri. 



Reaction with /erne chloride begins in a few grains in 30 seconds. It is over in most in 6 minutes 

 and in all in 10 minutes. It is qualitatively the same as that of the grains of T. hageri. 



Reaction with Purdy's solution begins in a few seconds and is over in 1}4, minutes. The reaction 

 is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of T. hageri. 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch of 

 Tulipa prcecox. 



