GENUS SCILLA. 



545 



With pyrogallic add there is a slight general reaction at once. In 30 seconds all are gelatinized. 

 The reaction is qualitatively the same as that of the grains of S. sibirica. 



With ferric chloride about half the grains begin to react in 30 minutes and all but a very few 

 react in 3 minutes. Nearly all are gelatinized in 10 minutes and all are fully gelatinized in 17 min- 

 utes. In many of the grains the reaction starts at protuberances on the margin. The reaction is 

 qualitatively the same as that of the grains of S. sibirica. 



The reaction with Purdy'a sohdion begins in most grains at once and almost all but rare resist- 

 ant grains are completely gelatinized in 2 minutes. The last to gelatinize are the compound grains 

 consisting of a small grain embediled in a large one. The outer part quickly becomes gelatinized, 

 while the inner, smaller grain reacts comparatively slowly. The reaction is qualitatively the same 

 as that of the grains of S. sibirica. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Scilla. 

 HisToiiOQiCAL Characteristics. Iodine Reactions. 



Conspicuous Forms. 



S. sibirica: Usually simple, mostly isolated, few com- 

 pound grains, isolated grains somewhat irregular. 

 Ovoid, ovoid with distal end flattened; round, 

 triangular, pyramidal, dome-shaped. 



<S. peruviana: Essentially the same as in S. sibirica, except 

 rounded ovoid and rounded ellipsoidal prominent. 



S. bifolia: Essentially the same aa in S. sibirica, except 

 that the round and lenticular forms are very 

 numerous. 



Hilum — Form, Number, and Position. 



S. sibirica: Form distinct, rather large, round or lenticu- 

 lar spot, often fissured. Position usually eccentric 

 0.25 to 0.33 of longitudinal axis. 



S. peruviana: Form the same as in S. sibirica, except 

 smaller j fissuration very marked. Position usually 

 eccentric 0.25 of longitudinal axis. 



S. bifolia: Form the same as in S. sibirica, but rarely 

 fissured. Position usually eccentric 0.25 of longi- 

 tudinal axis. 



Lamella — General Characteristics and Number. 



S. sibirica: Distinct, regular, continuous rather coarse. 

 2 sets in some grains. 6 on simple, 16 on com- 

 pound grains. 



S, peruviana: The same as in S. sibirica, but discon- 

 tinuous in a portion of the grain. 14 to 20 on 

 larger compound grains. 



S. bifolia: The same as in S. sibirica, but not so distinct. 

 10 to 12 on larger grains. 



Size. 



S. sibirica: From 3 to 28/1, commonly IS/j. 

 iS. peruviana: From 6 to 46^, commonly 32;i. 

 iS. bifolia: From 3 to 34ju, commonly 22/i. 



PoiARiscoPic Properties. 



Figure. 



S. sibirica: Usually eccentric, distinct, usually clear-cut, 



may be irregular. 

 S. peruviana: Same as in S. sibirica. 

 S. bifolia: Same as in S. sibirica. 



Degree of Polarization. 



S. sibirica: Fairly high. 



S. peruviana: High, much higher than in S. sibirica. 



S. bifolia: Fairly high, slightly higher than in S. sibirica. 



Polarization with Selenite — Quadrants and Color. 



S. sibirica: Quadrants fairly well defined, fairly regular 

 in shape, usually unequal in size. Color fairly pure. 



S. peruviana: Quadrants the same aa in S. sibirica. Color 

 quite pure. 



S. bifolia: Quadrants the same as in S. sibirica. Color 

 not pure. 



Intensity and Color. 



S. sibirica: Deep; blue- violet. 



S. peruviana: Deep, not quite so deep as in iS. sibirica; 



blue-violet. 

 S. bifolia: Deep, the same as in /S. sibirica; blue-violet. 



Staining Reactions. 

 Widi Gentian Violet. 

 S. sibirica: Fair. 



jS. peruviana: Fair, slightly deeper than in S. sibirica. 

 S. bifolia: Fair, the same as in iS. sibirica. 



With Safranin. 

 S. sibirica: Fairly deep. 

 S. peruviana: Fairly deep, slightly deeper than in S. 



sibirica. 

 S. bifolia: Fairly deep, the same or slightly deeper than 



in S. sibirica. 



Temperature of Gelatinization. 

 S. sibirica: 65 to 67° C, mean 66°. 

 S. peruviana: 65 to 66° C, mean 65.5°. 

 S. bifolia: 64 to 65.5° C, mean 64.75°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. 



Reaction with Chloral Hydrate-Iodine. 



S. sibirica: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in 15 minutes. 



<S. peruviana: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in all but 



a few grains in 15 minutes. 

 S. bifolia: Begins in 13^ minutes; complete in all but a 

 few grains in 15 minutes. 



Reaction with Chromic Acid. 



S. sibirica: Begins at once; complete in 1 minute. 

 S. peruviana: Begins at once; complete in 2 minutes. 

 S. bifolia: Begins at once; complete in 2 minutes. 



Reaction urith Pyrogallic Acid. 



S. sibirica: Begins at once; complete in all in 40 seconds. 

 S. perwnana: Begins at once; complete in all in 65 seconds. 

 S. bifolia: Begins at once; complete in all in 30 seconds. 



Reaction with Ferric Chloride. 

 S. sibirica: Begins in 1 J^ minutes; complete in 15 minutes. 

 iS. peruviana: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in 20 



minutes. 

 S. bifolia: Begins in 30 seconds; complete in 17 minutes. 



Reaction with Purdy's Solution. 

 S. sibirica: Begins immediately; complete in seven-tenths 



in 30 minutes and in all but rare grains in 60 



minutes. 

 S. peruviana: Begins immediately; complete in all but 



rare resistant grains in 5 minutes. 

 S. bifolia: Begins immediately; complete in all but rare 



resistant grains in 2 minutes. 



