564 



STARCHES OF LILIACE^. 



distal end. In some of the shell-shaped forms the lamellse are coarser between the hilum to within 

 two-thirds of the distance between hilum and distal end, and beyond this point they are not only 

 finer but less distinct. In the pyriform and in some shell-shaped forms this arrangement is usually 

 reversed. The best marked shell-shaped forms have 1 to 3 lamella; that are particularly coarse 

 and more refractive than the others. 



The size of the small, elongated grains in length and breadth is 6 by 4ai; of the narrow, elongated 

 size 42 by 2>Z\x; the common size is 26 by 20m; the broader, elongated grains 40 by 38//. The common 

 size is 28 by 26/i. 



Polariscopic Properties. — The figure is eccentric, except in a few of the smallest grains, distinct, 

 and fairly clear-cut. Its lines are rather broad and straight, but they expand somewhat at the 

 proximal and distal margins. In rare cases they may be 

 bent or bisected. 



The degree of polarization is fair to rather high. It 

 varies in different grains and in the same aspect of a 

 given grain. It is higher than in E. dens-canis. 



With selenite the quadrants are well defined, regular 

 in shape, and unequal in size. The blue is pure, the 

 yellow not quite pure. 



Iodine Reactions. — With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solu- 

 tion the grains color a fairly deep blue-violet; with 0.125 

 per cent solution they color lightly and the color does 

 not deepen rapidly. The color is slightly less than that 

 of the grains of E. dens-canis. After heating in water 

 until all the grains are completely gelatinized, the solu- 

 tion colors fairly and the swollen grains deeply on the 

 addition of iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes the solu- 

 tion colors very deeply, the grain-residues lightly or not 

 at all. With a slight excess of iodine the capsules color 

 a red-violet. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian violet the grains 

 begin to stain lightly at once and in 30 minutes they are lightly stained, some more than others. 

 The color is slightly more than that of the grains of E. dens-canis. 



With safranin the grains begin to stain at once and in 30 minutes they are rather lightly stained. 

 The color is the same as that of the grains of E. dens-canis. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatinization is 52.9° to 54° C, mean 53.45°. 



Effects of Variotis Reagents. — With chloral hydrate-iodine the reaction begins in most grains 

 in 15 seconds. It is usually over in some grains in 3 minutes and in all in 5 minutes. It is the same 

 qualitatively as that of the grains of E. dens-canis. 



Reaction with chromic add begins at once and is over in 15 seconds. It is probably the same 

 qualitatively as that of the grains of E. dens-canis. 



Reaction with pyrogallic add begins in a few seconds and is over in 15 seconds. It is probably 

 the same qualitatively as that of the grains of E. dens-canis. 



The reaction with ferric chloride begins in a few grains in 15 seconds and is over in 4 minutes. 

 It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of E. dens-canis. 



Reaction with Purdy's solution begins in a few seconds and is over in 20 seconds. It is probably 

 the same qualitatively as that of the grains of E. dens-canis. 



STARCH OF ERYTHRONIUM GRANDIFLORUM. (Plate 40, figs. 235 and 236. Chart 156.) 



Histological Characteristics. — In form the grains arc simple, and are isolated except a few that 

 occur in aggregates, mostly in the form of doublets or triplets, and clumps. Pressure facets are 

 occasionally found on the isolated grains. The grains vary more in form and size than in E. dens- 

 canis, and the surface is on the whole more irregular. The variations in surface are chiefly due to 

 protuberances near or at the hilum end; to the cutting off at various angles of the margin of forms 

 belonging to the rounded triangular type; to the abrupt curving of one side of forms broadened at 

 the distal end; and to an expansion of the distal margin with an indented line running towards 

 the hilum and starting at one side of the longitudinal axis. The conspicuous forms are the elliptical, 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch of Erythronium 

 americanum. 



