568 



STARCHES OF LILIACE^. 



The reaction with pyrogallic acid begins in a few seconds and is over in 50 seconds. It is prob- 

 ably the same qualitatively as that of the grains of E. dens-canis. 



With ferric chloride the reaction Ixjgins in some grains in 15 seconds, and is over in 43^ minutes. 

 It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of E. dens-canis. 



The reaction with Purdy's solution begins in a few seconds and is over in 50 seconds. It is the 

 same qualitatively as that of the grains of E. dens-canis. 



Differentialion of Certain Starches of the Genus Erythronium. 



HIST01.001CAL Characteristics. 

 Conspicuous Forms. 



E. dens-canis: Simple, few doublets, few grains with 

 pressure facets; surface usually regular. Elliptical 

 ovoid, pyrifonn, and rounded triangular, with vari- 

 ations towards clam-shell and oyster-shell shajies. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiJUrntm: Simple, no doublets 

 noted, few grains with pressure facets, surface 

 rather irregular. Elongated ovoid to club-shape 

 and oyster-shell shape. 



E. americanum: Simple, few doublets, few grains with 

 pressure facets, generally regular. Pyrifonn, 

 ovoid, rounded ovoid, and triangular to clam- 

 shell shape. 



E. grandiflorum: Simple, doublets, and triplets, few grains 

 with pressure facets, rather irregular. Elliptical, 

 ovoid, Piriform, rounded triangular to clam-shell 

 and oyster-shell shape. More round or nearly 

 round forms than in E. dens-canis. 



E. cilrinum: Simple, some doublets and triplets, few 

 grains with pressure facets, usually fairly regular. 

 Ellipsoidal to club shape, ovoid, and oval with 

 a squared distal end, oyster-shell shape. 



E. califomicum: Simple, more doublets than in E. dens- 

 canis, some grains with pressure facets, surface 

 rather regular. Oval-elliptical, ovoid, pyriform, 

 irregular rounded triangular to irregular clam-shell 

 and oyster-shell types. More round grains than in 

 E dens-canis. 



Hilum—Form, Number, and Position. 



E. dens-canis: Distinct spot, usually marked by an irreg- 

 ular cavity or transverse cleft from which 2 short 

 curved fissures proceed. 2 hila are sometimes 

 found. Position eccentric 0.20 to 0.25, usually 

 0.20, of longitudinal axis. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Form same as in E. dens- 

 canis. Position eccentric 0.16 to 0.20, usually 0.16, 

 of longitudinal axis. 



E. americanum: Form essentially the same as in E. dens- 

 canis. Position eccentric 0.20 to 0.25, usually 0.20, 

 of longitudinal axis. 



E. grandiflorum: Form essentially the same as in E. dens- 

 canis, but hilum not as di-stinct or as refractive. 

 Position eccentric 0.20, rarely 0.25, of longitudinal 

 axis. 



E. cUrinum: Form essentially the same as in ^.dms-canis. 

 Position eccentric 0.25 to 0.20, usually 0.25, of longi- 

 tudinal axis. 



E. califomicum: Form essentially the same as in E. dens- 

 canis, but the hilum is not so refractive. Position 

 eccentric from 0.25 to 0.16, usually 0.25, of longi- 

 tudinal axis. 



Ijamdke — General Characteristics and Number. 



E. dens-canis: FinCj usually indistinct, complete and in- 

 complete, fairly regular, variable. Number not 

 determined. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Essentially the same as 

 in E. dens-canis. Probably about 26 on the larger 

 grains. 



E. americanum: Essentially the same as in E. dens-canis. 

 Number not determined. 



E. grandiflorum: Essentially the same as in E. dens-canis. 

 Number not determiued. 



Histological Characteristics. — Continued . 

 Lamellce — General Characleristics and Number. — Cont'd. 

 E. cUrinum: Essentially the same as in E. dens-canis. 



Number not determined. 

 E. califomicum: Essentially the same as in £. dens-canis. 



Number not determined. 



Size. 

 E. dens-canis: From 6 to 40/i, commonly 26^. 

 E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: From 4 to 46/i, com- 

 monly 28/1. 

 E. americanum: From 6 to 40/i, commonly 28/j. 

 E. grandiflorum: From 8 to 33/i, commonly 18ai. 

 E. cilrinum: From 4 to 38n, commonly 30/1. 

 E. califomicum: From 6 to 42/j, commonly 24/i- 



PoLAHiscopic Properties. 



Figure. 



E. dens-canis: Eccentric, distinct, fairly clear-cut, usually 



regular, but sometimes distorted. 

 E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Same as in E. dens-canis 



but less regular. 

 E. americanum: Same as in E. dens-canis. 

 E. grandiflorum: Same as in E. dens-canis. 

 E. cUrinum: Same as in E. dens-canis. 

 E. califomicum: Same as in E. dens-canis. 



Degree of Polarization. 



E. dens-canis: Fair, somewhat variable. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Fair, slightly higher and 



more variable than in E. dens-canis. 

 E. americanum: Fair to fairly high, somewhat variable, 



slightly higher than in E. dens-canis. 

 E. grandiflorum: Low to fair, variable, lower than in E. 



dens-canis. 

 E. cilrinum: Fair to fairly high, variable, higher than in 



E. dens-canis. 

 E. califomicum: Rather low to fairly high, variable, on 



the whole higher than in E. dens-canis. 



Polarization with, Selenile — Quadrants and Colors. 



E. dens-canis: Quadrants fairly well defined, often irregu- 

 lar, unequal in size. Colors not quite pure. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Quadrants the same as 

 in E. dens-canis. Colors not quite pure. 



E. americanum: Quadrants the same aa'm E. dens-canis, 

 but more regular. Colors not quite pure. 



E. grandiflorum: Quadrants the same as in E. dens-canis, 

 but more regular. Colors not quite pure. 



E. cilrinum: Quadrants the same as in E. dens-canis. 

 Colors not quite pure. 



E. califomicum: Quadrants the same as in E. dens-canis. 

 Colors not quite pure, but better than in E. dens- 

 canis. 



Iodine Reactions. 

 Intensity and Color. 



E. dens-canis: Fairly deep; blue- violet. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Fairly deep, the same as 

 in E. dens-canis; blue-violet. 



E. americanum: Fairly deep, slightly less than in E. dens- 

 canis; blue-violet. 



E. grandiflorum: Fairly deep, slightly more than in E. 

 dens-canis; blue-violet. 



