GENUS BRYTHRONIUM. 



569 



DifferetUidlion of Certain Starches of 



Iodine Reactions. — Continued. 

 InlensUy and Color. — Continued. 



E. citrinnm: Fairly deep, less than in E. dens-canis; blue- 

 violet. 



E. califomicum: Fairly deep, slightly less than in E. 

 dens-canis; blue-violet. 



Staining Reactions. 

 With Gentian Violet. 



E. dens-canis: Light. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Light, slightly more than 

 in E. dens-canis. 



E. americanum: Light, slightly more than in E. dens- 

 canis. 



E. grandiflorum: Light, slightly more than in E. dens- 

 canis. 



E. citrinum: I/ight, slightly more than in E. dens-canis. 



E. califomicum: Fair, much more than in E. dens-canis. 



With Safranin. 



E. dens-canis: Rather light. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Rather light, same as in 

 E. dens-canis. 



E. am,ericanum: Rather light, same as in E. dens-canis. 



E. grandiflorum: Rather light, more than in E. dens-canis. 



E. citrinum: Rather light, slightly more than in E. dens- 

 canis. 



E. califomicum: Fair, much more than in E. dens-canis. 



Temperatube op Gelatinization. 



E. dens-canis: 51.4 to 53.9° C, mean 52.66°. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: 53.2 to 55.1° C, mean 



54.05°. 

 E. americanum: 52.9 to 54° C, mean 53.45°. 

 E. grandiflorum: 52.1 to 54° C, mean 53.05°. 

 E. citrinum: 49.1 to 51.8° C, mean 50.45°. 

 E. califomicum: 57.2 to 58.6° C, mean 57.9°. 



Effects op Various Reagents. 

 Reaction with. Chloral Hydrale-Iodine. 



E. dens-canis: Begins in all in 15 seconds; complete in 

 all in 3 minutes. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Begins in most in 45 sec- 

 onds; complete in all in 5 minutes. 



E. amcricamtm: Begins in most in 15 seconds; complete 

 in all in 5 minutes. 



E. grandiflorum: Begins in most in a few seconds; com- 

 plete in all in 1}4 minutes. 



E. citrinum: Begins in all in 20 seconds; complete in all 

 in 354 minutes. 



E. califomicum: Begins in most in 30 seconds; complete 

 in all in 5J^ minutes. 



the Genus JErj/iAromMwi.— Continued. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — Continued. 

 Reaction urilh Chromic Acid. 



E. dens-canis: Begins at once; complete in all in 12 



seconds. 

 E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Begins at once; complete 



in all in 20 seconds. 

 E. americanum: Begins at once; complete in all in 16 



seconds. 

 E. grandiflorum: Begins at once; complete in less than 



10 seconds. 

 E. citrinum: Begins at once; complete in all in 20 seconds. 

 E. califomicum: Begins at once; complete in all in 25 



seconds. 



Reaction with PyrogaUic Add. 



E. dens-canis: Begins at once; complete in all in 12 

 seconds. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Begins at once; com- 

 plete in all in 25 seconds. 



E. americanum: Begins in a few seconds; complete in 

 all in 30 seconds. 



E. grandiflorum: Begins at once; complete in all in 10 

 seconds. 



E. citrinum: Begins at once; complete in all in 25 seconds. 



E. califomicum: Begins in a few seconds; complete in all 

 in 50 seconds. 



Reaction with Ferric Chloride. 



E. dens-canis: Begins in many in a few seconds; com- 

 plete in all in 2 minutes. 



E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Begins in a few in a few 

 seconds; complete in all in 3J^ minutes. 



E. americanum: Begins in a few in 15 seconds; complete 

 in all in 4 minutes. 



E. grandiflorum: Begins in many in a few seconds; com- 

 plete .in all in 1}^ minutes. 



E. citrinum: Be^ns in some in 15 seconds; complete in 

 all in 3J^ minutes. 



E. califomicum: Begins in many in 15 seconds; complete 

 in all in 4J^ minutes. 



Reaction with Purdy's Solution. 



E. dens-canis: Begins at once; complete in all in 15 



seconds. 

 E. dens-canis var. grandiflorum: Begins at once; complete 



in all in 20 seconds. 

 E. americanum: Begins in a few seconds; complete in all 



in 20 seconds. 

 E. grandiflorum: Begins at once; complete in all within 



10 seconds. 

 E. citrinum: Begins at once; complete in all in 10 seconds. 

 E. califomicum: Begins in a few seconds; complete in all 



in 50 seconds. 



NOTES ON THE STARCHES OF ERYTHRONIUM. 



In histological features it will be observed that there are more or less marked variations in the 

 different starches in relation to the characters of the outUnes of the grains, the relative numbers 

 of different types of grains, the peculiarities of the hilum, and fissuration and size, which, as a whole, 

 are of diagnostic value. In their reactions the variations recorded in the responsivities with iodine, 

 anilines, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, and Purdy's solution are within narrow limits. The great 

 sensitivity of all the starches to the chemical reagents makes the time of the reactions exceedingly 

 short, all the reactions being complete within a few minutes. In the degree of polarization the range 

 is from light to fair to fairly high; in the temperatures of gelatinization the range is from 50.45° 

 to 57.9°; in the chloral hydrate-iodine reactions the limits are from Ij^ to 5^4 minutes; in the ferric 

 chloride reactions in 1J4 to A}/^ minutes; and in the chromic acid, ferric chloride, and Purdy solutiom 

 reactions within a minute. There is a close correspondence in the records of E. dens-canis and its 

 variety grandiflora, and there appears to be a close relationship between these and E. americanum, 

 which is in accord with botanical data. The former are European and the latter American. 



