574 



STARCHES OF LILIACE^. 



Iodine Reactions. — With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains color a fairly deep violet 

 which deepens gradually, some grains becoming much deeper than others. The color is lighter and 

 a little more reddish than the grains of H. orientalis var. alba superbissima, and there is also a much 

 greater variation in the depth of tint of the different grains. With 0.125 per cent solution the grains 

 color a Ught reddish-violet, which deepens gradually, some grains becoming much deeper than 

 others. After heating in water until all the grains are gelatinized, the solution colors a fairly 

 deep blue and the grains a purplish-blue on the addition of iodine. If the grains are boiled for 2 

 minutes and then treated with iodine, the solution becomes colored quite deeply and the grain- 

 residues a fairly bright and pure blue. With an excess of iodine the capsules color a deep red-violet 

 to a deep heliotrope, rarely a wine-red. The color is not quite so red as in H. orientalis var. 

 alba superbissima. 



Staining Reactions. — ^With gentian violet the grains color very slightly at once and in 30 minutes 

 are fairly stained. The tint is about the same as in H. orientalis var. alba superbissima. 



With safranin the grains show a faint trace of color at once and in 30 minutes are fairly deeply 

 stained. The color is about the same as in H. orientalis var. alba superbissima. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatinization is 69° to 70° C, mean 69.5°. 



Effects of Varioxis Reagents. — With chloral hydrate-iodine reaction begins at once. A few grains 

 are gelatinized in a minute, the majority in 5 minutes, about nine-tenths in 10 minutes, and all but 

 rare resistant grains in 15 minutes. The reaction is complete in the latter usually in from 17 to 20 

 minutes, rarely as long as 24 minutes. The most resistant grains are the small ones with regular 

 outline. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in H. orientalis var. alba superbissima. 



Reaction with chromic acid begins at once. A few grains are gelatinized in Ij^ minutes, the 

 majority in 2 minutes, and all in 3 minutes. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in H. orien- 

 talis var. alba superbissima. 



The reaction with pyrogallic acid begins at once. Many are gelatinized in 30 seconds, and all 

 in a minute. The reaction is quahtatively the same as in H. orientalis var. alba superbissima. 



With ferric chloride the reaction begins immediately. A few grains are gelatinized in 1 J^ minutes, 

 the majority in 5 minutes, about nine-tenths in 10 minutes, and all but rare resistant grains in 13 

 minutes. The reaction is complete in the latter in from 16 to 18 minutes, rarely as long as 25 minutes. 

 The reaction is qualitatively the same as in H. orientalis var. alba superbissima. 



Reaction with Purdy's solution begins immediately. A few grains are gelatinized in 30 seconds, 

 all are partially gelatinized in 15 minutes, and about two-thirds are almost completely gelatinized 

 in 30 minutes, while in the remainder the hilum is swollen and usually one or more delicate fissures 

 proceed from it. The reaction is incomplete at the end of an hour. The medium-sized grains with 

 regular outUne are the most resistant. The reaction is qualitatively the same as in H. orientalis 

 var. alba superbissima. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Hyacinthus. 



Histological Chakacteristics. 

 Conspictums Forma. 



H. orierUalwyai.albasuperbissima: Simple and compound, 

 pressure facets occasionally observed, surface often 

 irregular owing to protuberances in the form of sec- 

 ondiary lamelke, and rounded and nipple-like promi- 

 nences. Ovoid having a rounded proximal end and 

 broadened somewhat flattened distal end, ellip- 

 soidal, nearly round and pyriform. 



H. orienUdis var. alindus (white) : Essentially the same 

 as in tf . orientalis var. alba superbissima. Clam- 

 shell type more numerous. 



H. orientalis var. albidus (Italian) : Essentially the same 

 aa in H. orientalis var. alba superbissima, but of 

 clam-shell type, and fewer doublets consisting of 

 a large and a small grain. 



Hilum — Form, Number, and Position. 



H. orientalis var. alba superbissima: Form large, round or 

 lenticular, often a cavity, often fissured; fissures 

 single or cross or irregular, thorn-shaped or stel- 

 late. Position eccentric about 0.40 to 0.33, except 

 in the round forms, in which it is centric. 



HisTOLOQicAL Chahactebistics. — Continued. 

 Hilum — Form, Number, and Position. — Continued. 



H. orientalis var. albus (white) : Form the same as in H. 

 orientalis var. alba superbissima. Position eccen- 

 tric about 0.40 to 0.33, except in the round forms, 

 where it is centric. 



//. orientalis var. albus (Itahan) : Form the same aainH. 

 orientalis var. alba superbissima, except fissuration 

 and cruciate form more common. Position eccen- 

 tric about 0.40 to 0.33, except in the round forms, 

 where it is centric. 



LatnellcB — General Characteristics and Number. 



H. orientalis var. alba superbissima: Coarse distinct rings 

 at hilum tend to have form of outline of grain and 

 may be incomplete elsewhere; 1 or 2 lamells usually 

 very distinct. About 12 to 14 on larger grains. 



H. orientalis var. alhidus (white) : Same as in H. orientalis 

 var. alba superbissima. About 12 to 14 on larger 

 grains. 



//. orientalis var. albulus (Italian) : Quite coarse, otherwise 

 essentially the same as in H. orientalis var. alba 

 superbissima. About 10 to 12 on larger grains. 



