596 



STARCHES OF LILIACE^. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian violet the grains begin to stain in IJ^ minutes very hghtly 

 and after 30 minutes are only Hghtly stained. The color is deeper than that of the grains of B. 

 peduncidaris. 



With safranin the grains begin to stain very lightly in a minute, but after 30 minutes are still 

 very lightly stained. There is no difference in tint between these and the grains of B. peduncularis. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatinization is 60° to 62° C, mean 61°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — With chloral hydrate-iodine reaction begins in 30 seconds. Most 

 of the grains are gelatinized in 20 minutes and practically all in 35 minutes. The reaction is quali- 

 tatively the same as that with the grains of B. peduncidaris. 



Reaction with chromic add begins in 20 seconds and is over in 2 minutes. It is qualitatively 

 the same as that of the grains of B. peduncularis. 



With pyrogaUic add the reaction begins in 20 seconds and all the grains are completely 

 gelatinized in 2J4 minutes. The reaction is qualitatively the same as that of the grains of B. 

 peduncularis. 



The reaction with ferric chloride begins in 45 seconds. All the grains are affected and three- 

 fourths gelatinized in 22 minutes, and all are gelatinized in 45 minutes. The reaction is qualitatively 

 the same as that of the grains of B. peduncularis. 



The reaction with Purdy's solution begins in the grains in 30 seconds. A few are completely 

 and many partially gelatinized in 15 minutes, but the reaction is incomplete in an hour. The 

 reaction is qualitatively the same as that of the grains of B. peduncularis. 



STARCH OF BRODI^A COCCINEA. (Plate 46, figs. 275 and 276. Chart 176.) 



Histological Characteristics. — In form the grains are simple, with the exception of a few com- 

 pound, which latter more often consist of three than two components. There are a few aggregates 

 of the smaller grains and a few clumps. The surface is, as a rule, irregular, many grains having 

 rounded accretions or nipple-like processes projecting from the surface. The most conspicuous 

 forms are short, broad ellipsoidal, verging into almost 

 round and oval. Often grains are nearly round, but nar- 

 rowed at the proximal end until they are somewhat trian- 

 gular to pyriform. Ovoid forms are less common than in 

 B. peduncularis. The grains are not flattened and are of 

 much the same width and thickness at any given trans- 

 verse diameter. 



The hilum, when not fissured, is a fairly distinct, 

 medium-sized round spot, situated eccentrically about a 

 third or less of the longitudinal axis of the grain, and in 

 or near the median line. There may be 2 or more hila, 

 often placed together in a non-lamellated space, and all or 

 some may be fissured. When the hilum is fissured the 

 fissure is usually not deep or broad, and it may be a 

 short, straight, or curved transverse or diagonal line, or 

 a 3-armed figure, or a cross. Occasionally the fissures are 

 not clear-cut, but ragged and irregular. Rarely there is 

 an irregular stellate group of fissures at the hilum. 



The lamellce are fairly distinct, regular, and coarse. 

 Those about the hilum and in the central portion of the 



grain are usually the more distinct, and those near the margin are wider and coarser. They follow 

 closely the outline of the margin, but not of the nipple-like processes or other projections from the 

 surface. There are 10 to 15 lamellae on medium-sized and large grains. 



The grains vary in size from 4 to 34^1. The common size is 18^. 



Polariscopic Properties. — The figure is eccentric, distinct, but not always clear-cut. Its lines 

 often become broad and less distinctly outlined near the margin, and at times do not meet at the 

 hilum. They are not often bent or otherwise distorted. 



The degree of polarization is high, as a rule, but not quite so high as that of the grains of B. 

 peduncularis. It may be absent in some parts of the grains, especially near the margin. It also 

 varies somewhat in the different grains and is highest when the grains are viewed from the end. 



Curve of Reaction-Intensities of Starch of Brodiaea 

 coccinea. 



