612 



STARCHES OF LILIACEiS. 



The degree of polarizalion is fair, and does not vary very much in different grains nor in different 

 aspects of the same grain. It is slightly lower than in L. -pendvla. 



With sdenile the quadrants are well defined, usually unequal in size, and fairly regular in shape. 

 The colors are fairly pure. 



Iodine Reactions. — With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains at once color deeply a blue- 

 violet; with 0.125 per cent solution the grains color lightly at once and the color deepens quite rapidly. 

 The shade is not so deep as that of the grains of L. pendula. After heating until the grains are com- 

 pletely gelatinized, the solution colors lightly and the gelatinized grains very deeply on the addition 

 of iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors much more deeply and the grain-residues 

 from fairly to not at all. All of the capsules color red-violet with a slight excess of iodine, and 

 most of them contain much blue-reacting starch in the proximal end. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian tnolet the grains begin to stain very lightly in 2 minutes 

 and in 30 minutes are fairly stained, some more or less than others. The shade is the same as that 

 of the grains of L. pendtda. 



With safranin the grains begin to stain very Hghtly at once and in 30 minutes are fairly stained, 

 one as much as another. The shade is slightly deeper than that of the grains of L. pendula. 



Temperature Reaction. — The temperature of gelatinization is 72.9° to 74.2° C, mean 73.55°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — With chloral hydrate-iodine about three-fourths of the grains begin 

 to react in 1 to IJ^ minutes and all in 5 minutes. About one-third are gelatinized in 10 minutes, 

 two-thirds in 20 minutes, and all in 45 minutes. The reaction is qualitatively the same as that of 

 the grains of L. pendula. 



With chromic add the reaction begins in all the grains within 30 seconds and is over in 4 minutes. 

 The reaction is qualitatively the same as that of the grains of L. pendula. There did not appear to 

 be any noticeable difference in time-reactions of the large and the small grains, as was observed 

 in L. pendula. 



The reaction with pyrogallic acid begins at once, and gelatinization is complete in 55 seconds. 

 The reaction is qualitatively the same as that of the grains of L. pendvla. 



With ferric chloride a few grains begin to react in a minute, about half in 3 minutes, most of 

 them being small grains which are completely gelatinized, and three-fourths of all the grains are 

 affected and most of them gelatinized in 5 minutes. The reaction is complete in 17 minutes. Quali- 

 tatively the reaction is the same as that of the grains of L. pendula. 



With Purdy's solution there is some reaction in a few grains in 30 seconds, which becomes fairly 

 general in 3 minutes. In 2 mimites grains which began to react in 30 seconds are completely or 

 almost completely gelatinized; in 4 minutes some others of the smaller grains are also gelatinized, 

 but most of them show merely a slight enlargement of the hilum. In 10 minutes about a third of 

 the total number are partially gelatinized. There is very little change after this, some of the remain- 

 ing two-thirds may swell somewhat, and some of the partially gelatinized grains may become com- 

 pletely gelatinized. The reaction is qualitatively the same as that of the grains of L. pendula. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genus Lachenalia. 



Histological Chakactebistics. 

 Conspicuous Forms. 



L. pendida: Usually simple, few compound; surface irreg- 

 ular owing to nipple-like processes, secondary 

 dejjosits, and depressions; flattening and cup-like 

 depression of distal end common. Oval, round, 

 ovoid, pyriform. 



L. tricolor var. liUeola: Essentially the same as in L. 

 pendula, but less irregular and few nipple-like 

 processes. 



Hilum — Form, Number, and Position. 



L. pendula: Form usually very distinct; relatively large, 

 round, lenticular or ellipsoidal; sometimes a 

 cavity; sometimes multiple; rarely fissured; fissures 

 narrow, shallow, clear-cut. Position eccentric 

 about 0.20 of longitudinal axis. 



L. tricolor var. luleola: Form essentially the same as in 

 L. pendula, except probably always round. Posi- 

 tion eccentric about 0.26 of longitudinal axis. 



Histological Characteristics. — Continued. 

 Lamellce — General Characteristics and Number. 

 L. pendvla: Very distinct, fairly coarse, continuous, irreg- 

 ular. 12 to 14 on the medium-sized grains. 

 L. tricolor var. luteola: Fairly distinct, rather fine, con- 

 tinuous, or in segments. 26 on medium-sized grains. 



Size. 

 L. pendida: From 5 to 36/i, commonly 20;ti. 

 L. tricolor var. luteola: From 6 to 30m, commonly 22/i. 



PoLARiscopic Properties. 



Figure. 



L. pendula: Eccentric, distinct, clear-cut, regular; figure 



a cross. 

 L. tricolor var. luteola: The same as in L. pendula. 



Degree of Polarization. 

 L. pendula: Fair, variable. 



L tricolor var. lulenla: Fair, less variable, but slightly 

 lower than in L. pendula. 



