GENUS TRILIilTJM. 



621 



With selenite the quadrants are well defined, usually fairly regular in shape, and unequal in 

 size. The colors are not pure. 



Iodine Reactions. — With 0.25 per cent Lugol's solution the grains color a deep blue-violet; 

 with 0.125 per cent solution they color fairly deeply and the color deepens rapidly. The color is 

 very slightly less than that of the grains of T. grandifiorum. After heating in water until the grains 

 are completely gelatinized, the solution colors fairly deeply and the grains very deeply on the addi- 

 tion of iodine. After boiling for 2 minutes the solution colors very deeply, but most of the grain- 

 residues not at all. With an excess of iodine the capsules all color a light violet. 



Staining Reactions. — With gentian violet and with safranin the grains begin to stain very lightly 

 in a minute and in 30 minutes they are very lightly stained. The shade is the same as that of 

 T. grandifiorum. 



Temperature Reaction. — ^The temperature of gelatinization is 54° to 56° C, mean 55°. 



Effects of Various Reagents. — With chloral hydrate-iodine reaction begins at once and is over in 

 45 seconds. It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of T. grandiflcnrum. 



Reaction with chromic add begins at once and is over in 13 seconds. It is so rapid that the dif- 

 ferent steps can not be distinguished. 



The reaction with pyrogallic acid begins at once and is over in 25 seconds. It is the same quali- 

 tatively as that of the grains of T. grandifiorum. 



The reaction with ferric chloride begins in some grains in a very few seconds and is over in all 

 in 6 minutes. It is the same qualitatively as that of the grains of T. grandifiorum. 



Reaction with Purdy's solution begins at once and is complete in 22 seconds. It is so rapid 

 that the separate steps can not be distinguished. 



Differentiation of Certain Starches of the Genv^ Trillium. 



Histological Characteristics. 

 Conspicitous Forms. 



T. grandifiorum: Simple, isolated, very few small aggre- 

 gates and clumps; no pressure facets; surface 

 smooth but irregular in outline. Oval to ovoid 

 and round. 



T. ovalum: The same as in T. grandifiorum; lenticular 

 much more abundant than in other two. 



T. sessile var. califomicum: The same as in T. grandi- 

 fiorum. 



HUum — Form, Number, and Position. 



T. grandifiorum: Form not distinct in most grains; large 

 round or lenticular; single, occasionally fissured, fis- 

 sure short, single, straight. Position usually eccen- 

 tric about 0.40 or less of longitudinal axis. 



T. ovatum: Form same as in T. grandifiorum, but ellipti- 

 cal grains relatively numerous. Position usually 

 eccentric about 0.40 or less of longitudinal axis. 



T. sessile var. califomicum: Form same as in T. grandi- 

 fiorum. Position usually eccentric about 0.40 or 

 less of longitudinal axis. 



Lamellm — General Characteristics. 



T. grandifiorum: Invisible. 



T. ovalum: Invisible. 



T. sessile var. califomicum: Invisible. 



Size. 



T. grandifiorum: From 2 to 16ft, commonly 12/i. 



T. ovatum: From 1.5 to lOji, commonly 7^. 



T. sessile var. califomicum: From 2 to 14^, commonly 8/j. 



PoLAKiscopic Properties. 

 Figure. 



T. grandifiorum: Usually eccentric, fairly distinct, usually 

 clear-cut. 



T. ovatum: Same as in T. grandifiorum. 



T. sessile var. califomicum: Same as in T. grandi- 

 fiorum. 



PoLARiscopic Properties. — C!ontinued. 

 Degree of Polarizaiion. 



T. grandifiorum: Fair. 



T. ovatum: Fair, slightly lower than in T. grandi- 

 fiorum. 



T. sessile yar. califomicum: Fair, slightly lower than in 

 T. grandifiorum. 



Polarization with Selenite — Quadrants and Colors. 



T. grandifiorum: Quadrants well defined, usually fairly 

 regular, unequal in size. Colors not pure. 



T. ovalum: Quadrants the same as in T. grandifiorum. 

 Colors not pure. 



T. sessile var. califomicum: Quadrants the same as in 7. 

 grandifiorum. Colors not pure." 



Iodine Reactions. 



Intensity and Color. 



T. grandifiorum: Deep; bluish- violet. 



T. ovatum: Deep, slightly deeper than in T. grandifiorum; 



bluish-violet. 

 T. sessile var. califomicum: Deep, very slightly less deep 



than in T. grandifiorum; bluish-violet. 



Staining Reactions. 



With Gentian Violet. 



T. grandifiorum: Very light. 



T. ovatum: Very light, less than in T. grandifiorum. 

 T. sessile var. califomicum: Very light, the same aa in 

 T. grandifiorum. 



With. Safranin, 



T. grandifiorum: Very light. 



T. ovalum: Very light, the same as in T. grandifiorum.^ 

 T. sessUe var. califomicum: Very light, the same as in 

 T. grandifiorum. 



Temperature of Gelatinization. 



T. grandifiorum: 57 to 59° C, mean 58°. 



T. ovatum: 5G to 57.5° C, mean 56.75°. 



T. sessUe var. califomicum: 54 to 56° C, mean 55°. 



